1		% (c) 2009-2026 Lehrstuhl fuer Softwaretechnik und Programmiersprachen,
2		% Heinrich Heine Universitaet Duesseldorf
3		% This software is licenced under EPL 1.0 (http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/epl-v10.html)
4
5
6		:- module(tools, [exact_member/2,
7		exact_member_lookup/4, exact_member_replace/5,
8		remove/3, remove_all/3, insert/3,
9		remove_variables/3,
10		list_intersection/3, list_difference/3,
11		disjoint_list_union/3, lists_are_disjoint/2,
12		string_concatenate/3, is_upper_case_name/1,
13		%write_to_file/2, write_to_utf8_file/2, put_codes/2, % now in tools_files
14		%print_error/1,
15		print_message/1, print_message_with_max_depth/2,
16		print_short_msg/1,
17		print_bt_message/1, print_bt_trace_message/1, bt_trace/1,
18		format_bt/2,
19		print_wtime/1,
20		print_mb/1, print_gb/1,
21		prints/1,
22		is_absolute_path/1,
23		split_common_path/4,
24		gen_relative_path/3, gen_relative_path_to_cur_dir/2,
25		get_parent_directory/2, get_parent_directory_name/2,
26		get_parent_directory_of_directory/2,
27		get_tail_filename/2, get_modulename_filename/2,
28		get_filename_extension/2,
29		get_option_from_list/4, get_options_from_list/2,
30		get_options/4,get_options/5,
31		arg_is_number/2, arg_is_number_or_wildcard/2,
32		check_filename_arg/2,
33		arg_is_integer/2,
34		split_filename/3,
35		safe_absolute_file_name/2, safe_absolute_file_name/3,
36		host_file_name_case_insensitive/0,
37		same_file_name/2,
38
39		filter/4,
40		flatten/2,
41		% count_occurences/2, % now in tools_lists
42		split_last/4,
43		split_atom/3, split_chars/3, split_complex_sep/3,
44		split_atom_at_separator/4,
45		latex_escape_atom/2,
46		b_escape_string_atom/2, b_string_escape_codes/2,
47		string_escape/2, print_escaped/1, % can also be used for dot
48		simple_dot_string_escape/2, % for dot, just quoting "
49		xml_escape/2, xml_escape_codes/2,
50		html_escape/2, html_escape_codes/2,
51		xml_attribute_escape/2,
52		read_term_from_file/2,
53		safe_read_term_from_atom/2, safe_read_term_from_codes/2,
54		read_string_from_file/2, read_string_from_file/3,
55		safe_read_string_from_file/3,
56		read_atom_from_file/3,
57		% write_lines_to_file/2, % now in tools_files
58		open_temp_file/3,
59		open_temp_file/4,
60		detect_xml_encoding/3,
61
62		ajoin/2,
63		ajoin_with_limit/3,
64		ajoin_with_sep/3,
65		substitute/4,
66		% call_residue/2, % now in tools_meta
67
68		catch_call/1,
69		observe_user_interrupt_signal/3,
70		%safe_on_exception/3, safe_on_exception_silent/3, % now in tools_meta
71		%reraise_important_exception/1, % now in tools_meta
72		% catch_matching/3, % now in tools_meta
73
74		convert_list_into_pairs/2, convert_pairs_into_list/3,
75
76		safe_univ/2, safe_univ_no_cutoff/2,
77		safe_sort/3,
78		safe_set_sort/3,
79		safe_functor/4,
80
81		safe_atom_codes/2, safe_atom_chars/3,
82		atom_codes_with_limit/2, atom_codes_with_limit/3,
83		truncate_atom/3, wrap_and_truncate_atom/4,
84		safe_number_codes/2,
85		atom_or_number_codes/2,
86		ensure_atom/2,
87		number_suffix/3,
88
89		print_size_of_table/1,
90		print_runtime/0, start_ms_timer/1, stop_ms_timer/2, stop_ms_timer/1,
91		stop_ms_timer_with_msg/2,
92		stop_ms_timer_with_silent_msg/2,
93		stop_ms_timer_with_debug_msg/2,
94		stop_ms_walltimer_with_msg/2,
95		bt_start_ms_timer/1, bt_stop_ms_timer/1,
96		get_elapsed_walltime/2,
97		get_elapsed_timer/2, combiner_timer/3,
98		get_elapsed_runtime/2,
99		cputime/1, walltime/1,
100		convert_ms_time_to_string/2,
101
102		retract_with_statistics/2,
103		statistics_memory_used/1,
104		get_memory_used/1, print_memory_used_difference/2, print_memory_used/1,
105		print_memory_used_wo_gc/0, print_memory_used_wo_gc/1,
106
107		split_list/4,
108		split_list_idx/5, re_split_list_idx/4,
109
110		minimize_lasso/4,
111
112		map_split_list/4,
113		foldl/4,foldl/5,foldl/6,
114		maplist5/5,
115		average/2,
116
117		map_optlist/2,
118		optlist_to_list/2,
119
120		(space_call)/1,
121		assert_once/1,
122
123		% safe_time_out/3, % now in tools_meta
124		% time_out_call/2, time_out_call/1, time_out_with_factor_call/3, % now in tools_timeout
125
126		unique_id/2,
127
128		get_PROBPATH/1,
129		atom_to_number/2,
130		get_set_optional_prolog_flag/3,
131
132		bb_safe_get/2,
133		bb_inc/1, bb_inc_by/2,
134
135		top_sort/3
136		]).
137
138		:- meta_predicate foldl(3,?,?,?).
139		:- meta_predicate foldl2(?,3,?,?).
140		:- meta_predicate foldl(4,?,?,?,?).
141		:- meta_predicate foldl2(?,4,?,?,?).
142		:- meta_predicate foldl(5,?,?,?,?,?).
143		:- meta_predicate foldl2(?,5,?,?,?,?).
144		:- meta_predicate maplist5(4,-,-,-,-).
145		:- meta_predicate catch_call(0).
146		:- meta_predicate assert_once(0).
147		:- meta_predicate split_list_idx(1,?,?,?,?).
148		:- meta_predicate split_list_idx2(?,1,?,?,?).
149		:- meta_predicate map_split_list(2,?,?,?).
150		:- meta_predicate map_split_list2(?,2,?,?).
151		:- meta_predicate split_list(1,?,?,?).
152		:- meta_predicate split_list2(?,1,?,?).
153		:- meta_predicate observe_user_interrupt_signal(-,-,0).
154		:- meta_predicate filter(1,*,*,*).
155		:- meta_predicate get_options(+,4,-,-).
156		:- meta_predicate get_options(+,4,-,-,0).
157		:- meta_predicate retract_all_count(0,-,-).
158		:- meta_predicate space_call(0).
159		:- meta_predicate map_optlist(1,-).
160		:- meta_predicate map_optlist_aux(-,1).
161		:- meta_predicate call_optional(1,-).
162		:- meta_predicate call_optional_aux(-,1,-).
163
164		:- meta_predicate get_calls_for_table(:,-).
165		:- meta_predicate print_size_of_table(:).
166
167		:- meta_predicate string_escape(2,-,-).
168
169		:- meta_predicate bb_safe_get(0,-).
170		:- meta_predicate bb_inc(0).
171		:- meta_predicate bb_inc_by(0,-).
172
173		:- use_module(module_information).
174
175		:- module_info(group,infrastructure).
176		:- module_info(description,'This module contains many general helper predicates.').
177
178		:- use_module(pathes,[runtime_application_path/1]). % we just import it to set-up pathes, we don't need any predicates
179
180		:- use_module(library(lists)).
181		:- use_module(library(system)).
182		%%:- use_module(library(file_systems)). %% not required ?
183		%% :- use_module(library(codesio)).
184
185
186		:- use_module(tools_meta,[reraise_important_exception/1, safe_on_exception/3]).
187
188		:- set_prolog_flag(double_quotes, codes).
189
190
191		catch_call(Call) :-
192		catch(call(Call), Exception, (
193		add_error(catch_call,'Call raised an exception: ',(Call:Exception)),
194		/* read(_), */
195		reraise_important_exception(Exception),
196		fail
197		)).
198
199		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_warning/4]).
200		% catch CTRL-C and print a message if it happens and re-throw the interrupt
201		observe_user_interrupt_signal(Context,Span,Call) :-
202		catch(Call, user_interrupt_signal, (
203		add_warning(user_interrupt_signal,'CTRL-C occurred in context: ',Context,Span),
204		%(pending_abort_error(WF,Msg,_ErrTerm,Span)
205		% % Unfortunately any abort errors induced by Call itself are already removed by the exception
206		% -> add_message(user,'Pending WD-Error could cause long runtimes: ',Msg,Span) ; true),
207		throw(user_interrupt_signal)
208		)).
209
210
211
212		:- use_module(self_check). % put after search paths have been set
213
214		% These predicates from tools_platform are tested here to avoid module load order issues.
215
216		:- use_module(tools_platform, [map_host_platform/2, map_host_processor/2, host_platform/1]).
217		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86-win32-nt-4",windows)).
218		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-win32-nt-4",windows)).
219		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-darwin-10.6.0",darwin)).
220		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-darwin-18.7.0",darwin)).
221		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("arm64-darwin-20.1.0",darwin)).
222		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86-linux-glibc2.7",linux)).
223		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-linux-glibc2.17",linux)).
224		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("aarch64-linux-glibc2.28",linux)).
225		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("nonsense-potatos-4.2",unknown)).
226		% On SWI, the arch/host_type flag doesn't include an OS version number.
227		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("i386-win32",windows)).
228		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x64-win64",windows)).
229		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-darwin",darwin)).
230		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("arm64-darwin",darwin)).
231		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("aarch64-linux",linux)).
232		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("nonsense-potatos",unknown)).
233
234		:- assert_must_succeed((host_platform(Platform), Platform \= unknown)).
235
236
237		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86-win32-nt-4",x86)).
238		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-win32-nt-4",x86_64)).
239		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-darwin-10.6.0",x86_64)).
240		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-darwin-18.7.0",x86_64)).
241		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("arm64-darwin-20.1.0",aarch64)).
242		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86-linux-glibc2.7",x86)).
243		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-linux-glibc2.17",x86_64)).
244		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("aarch64-linux-glibc2.28",aarch64)).
245		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("nonsense-potatos-4.2",unknown)).
246		% On SWI, the arch/host_type flag doesn't include an OS version number.
247		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("i386-win32",x86)).
248		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x64-win64",x86_64)).
249		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-darwin",x86_64)).
250		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("arm64-darwin",aarch64)).
251		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("aarch64-linux",aarch64)).
252		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("nonsense-potatos",unknown)).
253
254		% --------------------------------------
255
256		cputime(T) :-
257		statistics(runtime,[T,_]).
258
259		walltime(WT) :-
260		statistics(walltime,[WT,_]).
261		% --------------------------------------
262
263
264		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_error/3, add_internal_error/2]).
265		print_message(Msg) :- print_message_with_max_depth(Msg,20).
266		print_message_with_max_depth(Msg,MaxDepth) :-
267		safe_on_exception(E,print_message2(Msg,MaxDepth),
268		add_error(tools,'Exception in print_message: ',E)). % added because sometimes in Windows/Vista we get an exception here
269		print_message2(Msg,MaxDepth) :-
270		(var(Msg) -> print_message(informational,'_')
271		; write(user_output,'% '),write_term(user_output,Msg,[max_depth(MaxDepth)]),nl(user_output) ).
272		print_short_msg(Msg) :-
273		write(user_output,Msg).
274
275		format_bt(Msg,P) :- format(Msg,P).
276		format_bt(Msg,P) :- print(' * BACKTRACK: '),format(Msg,P),
277		fail.
278
279		print_bt_message(Msg) :- print_message(Msg).
280		print_bt_message(Msg) :- print_message(backtrack(Msg)),
281		%(Msg = found_enumeration_of_constants(_,_) -> trace ; true),
282		fail.
283
284		% like print_bt_message but trace upon backtrack
285		print_bt_trace_message(Msg) :- print_message(Msg).
286		print_bt_trace_message(Msg) :- trace,
287		print_message(backtrack(Msg)),
288		fail.
289
290		% trace upon backtrack:
291		bt_trace(_) :- true.
292		bt_trace(PP) :- print(' * BACKTRACK: '), print(PP),nl, trace,fail.
293
294		print_wtime(PP) :- statistics(walltime,[WT,_]),
295		format('~w : ~w ms ~n', [PP,WT]).
296
297		% a print that will automatically stop after 25 prints and give the user the option to inspect the printed messages
298		:- dynamic prints_count/1.
299		prints_count(25).
300		prints(L) :- print_bt_message(L),
301		(retract(prints_count(X)) -> true ; X=25),
302		(X<1
303		-> print('*** Stopped printing >'),
304		read(RT),
305		(number(RT) -> X1=RT ; X1=25)
306		; X1 is X-1
307		), assertz(prints_count(X1)).
308
309		:- assert_pre(tools:exact_member(_Var,Vs),
310		(list_skeleton(Vs))).
311		:- assert_post(tools:exact_member(_Var,_Vs), true).
312		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member(V,[V])).
313		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member(V,[_X,_Z,V])).
314		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member(_W,[_X,_Z,_V])).
315		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member(_W,[])).
316
317		exact_member(X,[Y|T]) :-
318		(X==Y -> true ; exact_member(X,T)).
319
320
321		:- assert_pre(tools:exact_member_lookup(_Var,_ValRes,Vs,Vals),
322		(list_skeleton(Vs),list_skeleton(Vals))).
323		:- assert_post(tools:exact_member_lookup(_Var,_ValRes,_Vs,_Vals), true).
324		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member_lookup(V,2,[V],[2])).
325		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member_lookup(V,2,[_X,_Z,V],[1,3,2])).
326		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_lookup(V,3,[_X,_Z,V],[1,3,2])).
327		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_lookup(_W,3,[_X,_Z,_V],[1,3,2])).
328		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_lookup(_W,3,[],[1,3,2])).
329
330		exact_member_lookup(Var,ValRes,[V|TV],[Val|TVal]) :-
331		(Var==V -> ValRes=Val ; exact_member_lookup(Var,ValRes,TV,TVal)).
332
333
334		:- assert_pre(tools:exact_member_replace(_Var,_ValRes,Vs,Vals,_),
335		(list_skeleton(Vs),list_skeleton(Vals))).
336		:- assert_post(tools:exact_member_replace(_Var,_ValRes,_Vs,_Vals,NewVals),
337		list_skeleton(NewVals)).
338		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member_replace(V,44,[_X,_Z,V],[1,3,2],[1,3,44])).
339		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_replace(_V,44,[_X,_Z,_VV],[1,3,2],[1,3,44])).
340
341		exact_member_replace(Var,NewVal,[V|TV],[Val|TVal],[NV|TN]) :-
342		((Var==V) -> (NV=NewVal,TN=TVal)
343		; (NV=Val,exact_member_replace(Var,NewVal,TV,TVal,TN))).
344
345
346
347		remove([X|T],X,T).
348	?	remove([Y|T],X,[Y|DT]) :- \+(X=Y), remove(T,X,DT).
349
350		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([],[])).
351		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([[1,2,3]],[1,2,3])).
352		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([[1],[[99]],[2,3],[4,5]],[1,99,2,3,4,5])).
353		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([[]],[])).
354
355		flatten(List,FlatList) :- flatten1(List,[],FlatList).
356		flatten1([],L,L) :- !.
357		flatten1([H|T],Tail,List) :- !, flatten1(H,FlatList,List), flatten1(T,Tail,FlatList).
358		flatten1(NonList,Tail,[NonList|Tail]).
359
360
361		:- use_module(tools_lists,[count_occurences/2]).
362		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_lists:count_occurences([a,b,a,a,b],R),R == [a-3,b-2])).
363		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_lists:count_occurences([a],R),R == [a-1])).
364		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_lists:count_occurences([],R),R == [])).
365		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_lists:count_occurences([a,b],R),R == [a-1,b-1])).
366
367
368
369		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:filter(var,[1,2,X,3,Y],R,Out),R == [X,Y],Out == [1,2,3])).
370		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:filter(nonvar,[1,2,X,3,Y],R,Out),R == [1,2,3],Out == [X,Y])).
371
372		filter(_Pred,[],[],[]).
373		filter(Pred,[H|T],True,False) :-
374	?	(call(Pred,H) -> True = [H|TT], filter(Pred,T,TT,False)
375	?	; False = [H|FF], filter(Pred,T,True,FF)).
376
377		:- public is_a_comment/3. % used for testing filter
378		:- assert_must_succeed((tools: filter(tools:is_a_comment('/*','*/'),['This comment ','/* comment */','will be ignored!'],R,Out),
379		R==['/* comment */'],Out==['This comment ','will be ignored!'])).
380		% checking whether an atom is a comment /* ... */
381		is_a_comment(Begin,End,Comment) :-
382		maplist(atom_codes,[Begin,End,Comment],[BL,EL,CL]),
383	?	prefix(CL,BL),suffix(CL,EL).
384
385		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:remove_variables([X,Y,Z],[Y],R),R==[X,Z])).
386		remove_variables(List,Vars,Remaining) :-
387		exclude(exact_member_rev(Vars),List,Remaining).
388		% a version of exact member with reversed parameters - usefull with
389		% higher-order functions
390		exact_member_rev(List,Member) :- exact_member(Member,List).
391
392		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([],a,[a])).
393		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],a,[a,b,c,d])).
394		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],b,[a,b,c,d])).
395		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],d,[a,b,c,d])).
396		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],x,[a,b,c,d,x])).
397		insert([],X,[X]).
398		insert([H|T],X,R) :- (H=X -> R=[H|T] ; R=[H|R2],insert(T,X,R2)).
399
400
401		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:list_intersection([a,b,c,d],[d,f,b],[b,d])).
402
403		list_intersection([],_L,[]).
404		list_intersection([H|T],L,Res) :-
405	?	(remove(L,H,NL) -> (Res=[H|RR]) ; (Res=RR,NL=L)),
406		list_intersection(T,NL,RR).
407
408		insert_new([],X,[X]).
409		insert_new([H|T],X,R) :- (H=X -> fail ; R=[H|R2],insert_new(T,X,R2)).
410
411		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:disjoint_list_union([a,b,c,d],[e,f,g],[e,f,g,a,b,c,d])).
412		:- assert_must_fail(tools:disjoint_list_union([a,b,c,d],[d,f,b],_)).
413		:- assert_must_fail(tools:disjoint_list_union([a,b,c,d],[d,f,b],[d,f,b,a,c])).
414		disjoint_list_union([],L,L).
415		disjoint_list_union([H|T],L,Res) :- insert_new(L,H,L2), disjoint_list_union(T,L2,Res).
416
417		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:lists_are_disjoint([a,b,c,d],[e,f,g])).
418		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:lists_are_disjoint([a,b,c,d],[])).
419		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:lists_are_disjoint([],[e,f,g])).
420		:- assert_must_fail(tools:lists_are_disjoint([a,b,c,d],[e,f,g,d])).
421		lists_are_disjoint([],_).
422		lists_are_disjoint([H|T],List2) :- \+ member(H,List2), lists_are_disjoint(T,List2).
423
424		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:list_difference([a,b,c,d],[b,f,d],[a,c])).
425
426		list_difference([],_L,[]).
427		list_difference([H|T],L,Res) :-
428	?	(remove(L,H,NL) -> (Res=RR) ; (Res=[H|RR],NL=L)),
429		list_difference(T,NL,RR).
430
431		:- use_module(tools_strings,[string_concatenate/3]).
432		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools_strings:string_concatenate('5','.10',R), R=='5.10' )).
433
434
435
436
437		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:is_upper_case_name('GOODS')).
438		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:is_upper_case_name('ZZAA')).
439		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_upper_case_name('capacity')).
440		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_upper_case_name('PARAs')).
441
442		:- use_module(tools_strings,[safe_name/2]).
443		is_upper_case_name(Name) :-
444		safe_name(Name,AsciiList),
445		upper_case_list(AsciiList).
446
447		upper_case_list([]).
448		upper_case_list([H|T]) :- 0'A =< H, H =< 0'Z, upper_case_list(T).
449
450
451		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/','/aaaa/bbb/cc','d.app')).
452		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/e','/aaaa/bbb/cc','d.app')).
453		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/ce/e','/aaaa/bbb','cc/d.app')).
454		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/e','/aaaa','bbb/cc/d.app')).
455		split_common_path(Path1,Path2,CommonPrefix,Suffix1) :-
456		split_atom_with_empty(Path1,['/','\\'],PC1),
457		split_atom_with_empty(Path2,['/','\\'],PC2),
458		split_com_aux(PC1,PC2,Com,Suff),
459		ajoin_with_sep(Com,'/',CommonPrefix),
460		ajoin_with_sep(Suff,'/',Suffix1).
461
462		split_com_aux([],_,[],Suffix) :- !, Suffix=[].
463		split_com_aux([H|T1],[H|T2],[H|CT],Suffix) :- !,
464		split_com_aux(T1,T2,CT,Suffix).
465		split_com_aux(P1,_,[],P1).
466
467
468		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/e.app','bbb/cc/d.app')).
469		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/e.app','cc/d.app')).
470		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/e.app','d.app')).
471		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/xx/e.app','../bbb/cc/d.app')).
472		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/e.app','../../bbb/cc/d.app')).
473		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/','../../bbb/cc/d.app')).
474		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('d.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/','d.app')).
475		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('d/e.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/','d/e.app')).
476		% can be used for already expanded full paths;
477		% the relative_to option absolute_file_name does not seem to work on already expanded full paths
478		gen_relative_path(Path,ReferencePath,RelPath) :-
479		split_atom_with_empty(Path,['/','\\'],PC1),
480		(PC1 = [File|_], File \= ''
481		-> % this is a relative path, not an absolute one; this is not the intended use of this predicate
482		RelPath = Path % but can happen, e.g., in error_manager
483		; split_atom_with_empty(ReferencePath,['/','\\'],PC2),
484		split_com_aux(PC1,PC2,_,Suff1),
485		split_com_aux(PC2,PC1,_,Suff2),
486		(Suff2=[_|D2] -> true ; D2=Suff2), % remove last entry
487		maplist(replace_by_dotdot,D2,DotDot), % replace directory names by ..
488		append(DotDot,Suff1,Rel1),
489		ajoin_with_sep(Rel1,'/',RelPath)
490		).
491
492		replace_by_dotdot(_,'..').
493
494		:- use_module(library(file_systems),[current_directory/1]).
495		gen_relative_path_to_cur_dir(Path,RelPath) :-
496		current_directory(CurDir),
497		gen_relative_path(Path,CurDir,RelPath).
498
499
500		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:is_absolute_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app')).
501		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_absolute_path('cc/d.app')).
502		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_absolute_path('./cc/')).
503		is_absolute_path(Path) :-
504		atom_chars(Path,PathAscii),
505		PathAscii = ['/'|_]. % TO DO: add other rules for windows C: ...
506
507		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/')).
508		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','/aaaa/bbb/cc/')).
509		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('d.app','')).
510		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('/a/b/cc/(machine from Jupyter cell).mch','/a/b/cc/')).
511		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('D:\\Users\\OneDrive - hhu\\[Master] PA\\models\\r\\RF.mch',
512		'D:\\Users\\OneDrive - hhu\\[Master] PA\\models\\r\\')).
513
514		get_parent_directory(Path,NewPath) :-
515		atom_chars(Path,PathAscii),
516		strip_last(PathAscii,[],[],New),
517		atom_chars(NewPath,New).
518
519		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_of_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/')).
520		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_of_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','/aaaa/bbb/')).
521		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_of_directory('\\aaaa\\bb b\\cc\\','\\aaaa\\bb b\\')).
522		% just like get_parent_directory, except when last character is a slash
523		get_parent_directory_of_directory(Path,NewPath) :-
524		atom_chars(Path,PathAscii0),
525		(append(PathAscii,[Last],PathAscii0), is_path_slash(Last)
526		-> true ; PathAscii=PathAscii0),
527		strip_last(PathAscii,[],[],New),
528		atom_chars(NewPath,New).
529
530		is_path_slash('/').
531		is_path_slash('\\'). % Windows
532
533		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','cc')).
534		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','cc')).
535		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('\\aaaa\\bbb\\cc\\','cc')).
536		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('\\aaaa\\bbb b\\cc c\\','cc c')).
537		:- assert_must_fail(tools:get_parent_directory_name('d.app',_)).
538		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('/a/b/cd/(machine from Jupyter cell).mch','cd')).
539
540		get_parent_directory_name(Path,DirName) :-
541		atom_chars(Path,P1),
542		split_last2_lst(P1, ['/','\\'], [],[], P2, _),
543		split_last2_lst(P2, ['/','\\'], [],[], _, DChars),
544		atom_chars(DirName,DChars).
545
546		:- use_module(library(lists)).
547
548		% strip part after last path slash
549		strip_last([],ResSoFar,_,Res) :- reverse(ResSoFar,Res).
550		strip_last([Slash|Tail],ResSoFar,StripSoFar,Res) :- is_path_slash(Slash), !,
551		append([Slash|StripSoFar],ResSoFar,NewRes),
552		strip_last(Tail,NewRes,[],Res).
553		strip_last([A|Tail],ResSoFar,StripSoFar,Res) :-
554		strip_last(Tail,ResSoFar,[A|StripSoFar],Res).
555
556		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_at_separator('ef,g',',',L,R), L==ef,R==g)).
557		% a simple split into two parts using a single separator atom of length 1
558		split_atom_at_separator(Atom,Sep,Left,Right) :-
559	?	sub_atom(Atom, Before, 1, After, Sep),
560		sub_atom(Atom, 0, Before, _, Left),
561		sub_atom(Atom, _, After, 0, Right).
562
563		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ef,g',[','],R), R==[ef,g])).
564		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ef, g',[',',' '],R), R==[ef,g])).
565		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ab,cd,ef,g',[','],R), R==['ab','cd',ef,g])).
566		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ab,cd,ef;g',[',',';'],R), R==['ab','cd',ef,g])).
567		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('/ef/g/',['/'],R), R==[ef,g])).
568
569		split_atom(Atom,SepList,SplitList) :-
570		atom_chars(Atom,ListAscii),
571		split2(ListAscii,SepList,SplitList).
572
573		split2([],_,R) :- !,R=[].
574		split2(List,Sep,Res) :- get_next_word(List,Sep,Word,Tail),!,
575		(Word=[]
576		-> split2(Tail,Sep,Res) % skip empty atom
577		; Res=[Atom|TA], atom_chars(Atom,Word),
578		split2(Tail,Sep,TA)).
579
580		get_next_word([],_Sep,[],[]).
581		get_next_word([H|T],Sep,Word,Tail) :-
582	?	member(H,Sep) -> Word=[],Tail=T
583		; Word=[H|TR], get_next_word(T,Sep,TR,Tail).
584
585
586		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('/ef/g/',['/'],R), R==['',ef,g,''])).
587		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('/ef/g',['/'],R), R==['',ef,g])).
588		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('ef/g',['/'],R), R==[ef,g])).
589		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('efg',['/'],R), R==[efg])).
590
591		% a version of split atom that also returns empty sub atoms
592		split_atom_with_empty(Atom,SepList,SplitList) :-
593		atom_chars(Atom,ListAscii),
594		split_wempty2(ListAscii,SepList,SplitList).
595
596		split_wempty2(List,Sep,Res) :-
597		get_next_match(List,Sep,Word,Tail),!,
598		Res=[Atom|TA], atom_chars(Atom,Word),
599		split_wempty2(Tail,Sep,TA).
600		split_wempty2(List,_,[Atom]) :- atom_chars(Atom,List).
601
602		get_next_match([H|T],Sep,Word,Tail) :-
603	?	member(H,Sep) -> Word=[],Tail=T
604		; Word=[H|TR], get_next_match(T,Sep,TR,Tail).
605
606
607		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_complex_sep("ef,,g,h",",,",R), R==["ef","g,h"])).
608		% a version of split that allows longer seperators, % TO DO: make more efficient
609		split_complex_sep(L,Sep,[First|Rest]) :- append(Sep,LRest,SepR),
610		append(First,SepR,L),
611		!,
612		split_complex_sep(LRest,Sep,Rest).
613		split_complex_sep(H,_,[H]).
614
615
616		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("ef,g",",",R), R==["ef","g"])).
617		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("10",".",R), R==["10"])).
618		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("",".",R), R==[""])).
619		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("1.0",".",R), R==["1","0"])).
620		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("1.",".",R), R==["1",""])).
621		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars(".1",".",R), R==["","1"])).
622
623		split_chars(List,Sep,Res) :- get_next_word_until_sep(List,Sep,Word,Tail),!,
624		Res=[Word|TA],
625		split_chars(Tail,Sep,TA).
626		split_chars(List,_,[List]).
627
628		get_next_word_until_sep([H|T],Sep,Word,Tail) :-
629		member(H,Sep) -> Word=[],Tail=T
630		; Word=[H|TR], get_next_word_until_sep(T,Sep,TR,Tail).
631
632		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/','/aaaa/bbb/cc','d.app')).
633		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','.','/aaaa/bbb/cc/d','app')).
634		split_last(Atom, Sep, Head, Tail) :- \+ atom(Sep),!,
635		add_internal_error('Separator not an atom: ', split_last(Atom, Sep, Head, Tail)),fail.
636		split_last(Atom, Sep, Head, Tail) :- atom_chars(Sep,SepACodes),
637		split_last_lst(Atom,SepACodes,Head,Tail).
638
639
640		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last_lst('/aaaa/bbb;cc/d.app',['/',';'],'/aaaa/bbb;cc','d.app')).
641		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last_lst('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app',['.'],'/aaaa/bbb/cc/d','app')).
642		% a list version of split_last: obtains a list of sperator chars
643		split_last_lst(Atom, Seps, Head, Tail) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
644		add_internal_error('First arg not an atom: ', split_last_lst(Atom, Seps, Head, Tail)),fail.
645		split_last_lst(Atom, Seps, Head, Tail) :-
646		atom_chars(Atom,ListAscii),
647		split_last2_lst(ListAscii,Seps,[],[],HeadA, TailA),
648		atom_chars(Head,HeadA), atom_chars(Tail,TailA).
649
650		split_last2_lst([],_,CurSplit,[_|Head],ResH,ResT) :-
651		reverse(CurSplit,ResT),
652		reverse(Head,ResH).
653	?	split_last2_lst([Sep|Tail],Seps,CurSplit,Head,ResH,ResT) :- member(Sep,Seps), % TO DO: use ord_member ?
654		!,
655		append([Sep|CurSplit],Head,NewHead),
656		split_last2_lst(Tail,Seps,[],NewHead,ResH,ResT).
657		split_last2_lst([H|Tail],Seps,CurSplit,Head,ResH,ResT) :-
658		split_last2_lst(Tail,Seps,[H|CurSplit],Head,ResH,ResT).
659
660
661
662		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/d','app')).
663		:- assert_must_succeed((Z='/aaaa/bbb/cc/d',tools:split_filename(Z,R,X),X=='',R==Z)).
664
665		split_filename(Filename,Base,Ext) :-
666		(split_last(Filename,'.',Base,Ext) -> true ; Base=Filename,Ext='').
667
668
669		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','d.app')).
670		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('\\aaaa\\bbb\\c\\d.app','d.app')).
671		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('d.app','d.app')).
672		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','')).
673		get_tail_filename(Path,Tail) :- compound(Path),!,
674		add_internal_error('Not a filename: ',get_tail_filename(Path,Tail)),
675		Tail=Path.
676		get_tail_filename(Path,Tail) :- (split_last_lst(Path, ['/','\\'], _, T) -> Tail=T ; Tail=Path).
677
678		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_modulename_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','d')).
679		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_modulename_filename('d.app','d')).
680		get_modulename_filename(Path,Module) :-
681		get_tail_filename(Path,Tail),
682		(split_last(Tail, '.', M, _) -> Module=M ; Module=Tail).
683
684
685		:- assert_must_succeed(get_filename_extension('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','app')).
686		get_filename_extension(Path,Ext) :- split_filename(Path,_,Ext).
687
688		% also works if numbers passed (can happen by accident in test_runner ...)
689		% absolute_file_name('$a',X) generates a permission error
690		safe_absolute_file_name(F,AF,Options) :-
691		ensure_atom(F,A),
692		catch(
693		absolute_file_name(A,AF,Options),
694		error(permission_error(_,_,_),ERR),
695		(format('*** Permission Error for absolute_file_name: ~w~n',[ERR]),AF=F)).
696
697		safe_absolute_file_name(F,AF) :- safe_absolute_file_name(F,AF,[]).
698
699		% host_platform specific check if file names match
700		same_file_name(F,F) :- !.
701		same_file_name(File1,File2) :- host_file_name_case_insensitive,
702		atom_codes(File1,FC1),
703		atom_codes(File2,FC2),
704		maplist(case_insensitive_match,FC1,FC2).
705
706		case_insensitive_match(Code,Code) :- !.
707		case_insensitive_match(C1,C2) :-
708		simple_lowcase(C1,L1),
709		simple_lowcase(C2,L1).
710
711		% TODO: are there other changes to be made in Windows filenames?
712		simple_lowcase(H,R) :- H >="A", H=<"Z", !, R is H+"a"-"A".
713		simple_lowcase(92,R) :- !, R=47. % convert Windows path divider \ to Unix one /
714		simple_lowcase(Code,Code).
715
716		host_file_name_case_insensitive :-
717		host_platform(Platform),
718		host_file_name_case_insensitive(Platform).
719		host_file_name_case_insensitive(windows).
720		host_file_name_case_insensitive(darwin). % by default case insensitive, but up/lower case stored
721		% TODO: can we check if main filesystem is case sensitive??
722
723		%*******************************************************************************
724		% remove_all(A,B,Result): Result is the list of elements of A which do not occur in B
725		remove_all([],_,[]).
726		remove_all([H|T],Remove,Result) :-
727	?	(member(H,Remove) -> !,Result = Rest ; Result = [H|Rest]),
728		remove_all(T,Remove,Rest).
729
730
731
732		%*******************************************************************************
733		% get options from Prolog list passed as parameter
734
735
736		:- assert_must_succeed((get_option_from_list(b,2,[a/false,b/true],B),B==true)).
737		get_option_from_list(Option,Default, OptionList,Value) :-
738		(memberchk(Option/V,OptionList) -> Value=V ; Value=Default).
739
740
741		:- assert_must_succeed(get_options_from_list([option(a,true,false)],[a/false,b/true])).
742		:- assert_must_succeed((get_options_from_list([option(a,true,A)],[a/false,b/true]),A==false)).
743		:- assert_must_succeed((get_options_from_list([option(c,3,C),option(b,1,B),option(a,2,A)],[a/false,b/true]),
744		A==false,B==true,C==3)).
745
746		:- use_module(library(lists), [select/3]).
747
748		get_options_from_list([],_OptionList). % TO DO: provide optional check that no other options left
749		get_options_from_list([option(OptionName,Default,Value)|T],OptionList) :-
750	?	(select(OptionName/V,OptionList,Rest) -> Value=V
751		; Value=Default, Rest=OptionList),
752		get_options_from_list(T,Rest).
753
754
755		%*******************************************************************************
756		% get_options/4 for parsing command line arguments
757
758
759		get_options(List,Pred,Options,Rest) :-
760		get_options(List,Pred,Options,Rest,halt).
761		get_options([],_,[],[],_).
762		get_options([X|T],Recognised,Options,Args,HALTCMD) :-
763	?	( call(Recognised,X,Opt,Values,Action)
764		->
765		( append(Values, Rest, T) -> true
766		;
767		length(Values,Len),
768		length(T,TLen),
769		(TLen < Len
770		-> format('Command ~w expects ~w argument(s); ~w provided.~n',[X,Len,TLen])
771		; format('~nInvalid argument(s) for option: ~w.~n',[X]) % will never happen ??
772		),
773		HALTCMD),
774		( call(Action) -> true
775		;
776		format('~nInvalid argument(s) for option ~w : ~w.~n',[X,Values]),
777		HALTCMD),
778		RT = Rest,
779		Options = [Opt|OT], Args = AT
780		; % option not recognised, keep in Args list (for probcli these are assumed to be files)
781		Options = OT, Args = [X|AT],
782		RT = T
783		),
784		get_options(RT,Recognised,OT,AT,HALTCMD).
785
786		arg_is_number(Arg,Nr) :- number(Arg),!,Nr=Arg.
787		arg_is_number(Arg,Nr) :- atom(Arg),atom_codes(Arg,Str),safe_number_codes(Nr,Str),number(Nr).
788		arg_is_integer(Arg,Nr) :-
789		( atom_concat("-",SPos,Arg) -> % negative number
790		arg_is_number(SPos,Pos),
791		Nr is -Pos
792		;
793		arg_is_number(Arg,Nr)).
794
795		% utilities for command-line arguments
796		% allow Number, _, >Number, <Number
797		arg_is_number_or_wildcard('_',R) :- !, R=_.
798		arg_is_number_or_wildcard('*',R) :- !, R=_. % * on command-line is expanded to files unless quoted
799		arg_is_number_or_wildcard(Arg,R) :- arg_is_number(Arg,N),!,R=N.
800		arg_is_number_or_wildcard(Comparator,R) :- atom(Comparator), atom_codes(Comparator,AC),
801		comparator(AC,CompOp,NC), safe_number_codes(Nr,NC), R=comparison_operator(CompOp,Nr).
802		comparator([0'>|T],>,T). % Ascii code 62
803		comparator([0'<|T],<,T).
804		comparator([0'>,0'=|T],'>=',T).
805		comparator([0'=,0'<|T],'=<',T).
806
807
808		% TO DO: add comparator
809
810		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_warning/3]).
811		check_filename_arg(File,Command) :- tools:arg_is_number(File,_),!,
812		ajoin(['File argument to -',Command,' is a number: '],Msg),
813		add_warning(Command,Msg,File).
814		check_filename_arg(File,Command) :- atom(File),
815		sub_atom(File,0,1,_,'-'), % atom_concat('-',_,File),
816		!,
817		ajoin(['File argument to -',Command,' starts with a hypen: '],Msg),
818		add_warning(Command,Msg,File).
819		check_filename_arg(_,_).
820
821
822		:- assert_must_succeed( tools:convert_list_into_pairs([a],a)).
823		:- assert_must_succeed( (tools:convert_list_into_pairs([a,b,c],R), R = ((a,b),c) )).
824
825		convert_list_into_pairs([X|T],Res) :- !,conv2(T,X,Res).
826		convert_list_into_pairs([],Res) :- !, Res=[].
827		convert_list_into_pairs(X,R) :- add_internal_error('Not a list: ',convert_list_into_pairs(X,R)),R=X.
828		conv2([],X,X).
829		conv2([X|T],Acc,Res) :- conv2(T,(Acc,X),Res).
830
831		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:convert_pairs_into_list([x],a,R), R==[a] )).
832		%:- assert_must_succeed(( b_interpreter:convert_pairs_into_list([x,y,z],((a,b),c),R), R == [a,b,c] )).
833		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:convert_pairs_into_list([x,y,z],((a,b),c),R), R == [a,b,c] )).
834		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:convert_pairs_into_list([x,y,z],A,B),nonvar(A),nonvar(B),A=((_,_),_),B=[_,_,_] )).
835
836		% the first argument just indicates the identifiers, the second is a constructed pair and the third the list of values
837		convert_pairs_into_list([_],X,R) :- !,R=[X].
838		convert_pairs_into_list([_|Guide],Pair,R) :- !, R = [A|TValList],
839		conv4(Guide,A,Pair,TValList).
840		convert_pairs_into_list(List,Pairs,Result) :-
841		add_internal_error('Illegal arguments:',convert_pairs_into_list(List,Pairs,Result)),
842		fail.
843
844		conv4([],X,X,[]).
845		conv4([_|T],Acc,Res,[X|TValList]) :- conv4(T,(Acc,X),Res,TValList).
846
847
848		/* ex: substitute(1, [1,2,3,4], 5, X). */
849		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:substitute(1, [1,2,3,4], 5, X), X==[5,2,3,4])).
850		substitute(X,L,Y,Res) :- sub(L,X,Y,Res).
851		sub([],_,_,[]).
852		sub([H|T],X,Y,[SH|ST]) :-
853		(H=X -> SH=Y ; SH=H),
854		sub(T,X,Y,ST).
855
856
857
858		:- use_module(tools_strings,[ajoin/2, ajoin_with_sep/3, ajoin_with_limit/3]).
859		% tests are stored here to avoid cyclic module dependencies
860		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_sep([link,a,xa],'.',Text), Text == 'link.a.xa')).
861		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_sep([link],'.',Text), Text == 'link')).
862		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_sep(['',a,''],'.',Text), Text == '.a.')).
863
864		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_limit(['A','B','C','D'],100,Text), Text == 'ABCD')).
865		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_limit(['A','B','C','D'],2,Text), Text == 'AB...')).
866
867
868		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_error_and_fail/3]).
869		safe_univ(Term,List) :- nonvar(Term),!,Term=..List.
870		safe_univ(Term,List) :- var(List), !,add_error_and_fail(tools,'Arguments to safe_univ (=..) both var:', safe_univ(Term,List)).
871		safe_univ(Term,List) :- %Term is a variable
872		current_prolog_flag(max_arity,MA),
873		(MA = unbounded -> CL = List ; cut_off_list(List,MA,CL)),
874		!, % avoid pending choice points
875		Term =.. CL.
876
877		cut_off_list([],_,[]).
878		cut_off_list([H|T],MA,R) :- (MA<2 -> R=['...'] ; R=[H|TR],MA1 is MA-1, cut_off_list(T,MA1,TR)).
879
880
881		% a version of safe_univ which does not remove args; just puts the extra arguments into the last arg
882
883		safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List) :- nonvar(Term),!,Term=..List.
884		safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List) :- var(List), !,
885		add_error_and_fail(tools,'Arguments to safe_univ (=..) both var:', safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List)).
886		safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List) :- %Term is a variable
887		current_prolog_flag(max_arity,MA),
888		(MA = unbounded -> CL = List ; squash_list(List,MA,CL)),
889		!, % avoid pending choice points
890		Term =.. CL.
891		squash_list([],_,[]).
892		squash_list([H|T],MA,R) :- (MA<3,T\=[] -> R=[H,T] ; R=[H|TR],MA1 is MA-1, squash_list(T,MA1,TR)).
893
894		safe_atom_chars(A,B,Loc) :-
895		catch(atom_chars(A,B), error(E1,E2), (
896		add_internal_error('atom_chars error: ',Loc:E1),
897		throw(error(E1,E2))
898		)).
899
900		:- use_module(tools_strings,[atom_codes_with_limit/2, atom_codes_with_limit/3]).
901
902		safe_atom_codes(V,C) :- var(V),var(C),!,
903		add_internal_error('Variables in call: ',safe_atom_codes(V,C)), C='$VARIABLE$'.
904		safe_atom_codes(A,C) :-
905		catch(atom_codes(A,C), error(representation_error(max_atom_length),_), (
906		print(exception(max_atom_length)),nl,
907		atom_codes_with_limit(A,1000,C)
908		)).
909
910		safe_number_codes(V,C) :- var(V),var(C),!,
911		add_internal_error('Variables in call: ',safe_number_codes(V,C)), C='$VARIABLE$'.
912		safe_number_codes(A,C) :-
913		catch(number_codes(A,C), error(syntax_error(_N),_), (
914		%print(9,syntax_error_in_number_codes(_N)),nl,
915		% in this case safe_number_codes fails ; we cannot convert the codes into a number
916		fail
917		)).
918
919		% for an identifier "x" and a number N, create a new identifier "x$N"
920		number_suffix(Id,N,FullId) :-
921		safe_atom_chars(Id,IdChars,number_suffix1),number_chars(N,NChars),
922		append(IdChars,['$'|NChars],FullIdChars),
923		safe_atom_chars(FullId,FullIdChars,number_suffix2).
924
925
926		:- assert_must_succeed(ensure_atom(19,'19')).
927		% ensure that numbers get converted to atoms:
928		ensure_atom(Var,A) :- var(Var),!, A='_'.
929		ensure_atom(N,Res) :- number(N),!,number_codes(N,C), atom_codes(A,C), Res=A.
930		ensure_atom(A,A).
931
932
933		:- assert_must_succeed(atom_or_number_codes(19,"19")).
934		:- assert_must_succeed(atom_or_number_codes(aa,"aa")).
935		atom_or_number_codes(N,Res) :- number(N),!,number_codes(N,Res).
936		atom_or_number_codes(A,Res) :- atom(A),!,atom_codes(A,Res).
937		atom_or_number_codes(Other,Res) :-
938		add_internal_error('Not atom or number: ',atom_or_number_codes(Other,Res)),
939		Res = [].
940
941
942		:- use_module(tools_strings,[truncate_atom/3]).
943		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings:truncate_atom(abcd,100,Text), Text == 'abcd')).
944		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings:truncate_atom(abcd,2,Text), Text == 'ab...')).
945		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings:truncate_atom(abcd,0,Text), Text == '...')).
946
947
948		wrap_and_truncate_atom(Atom,LineLength,Limit,NewAtom) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
949		add_internal_error('Argument to wrap_and_truncate_atom not atom: ',wrap_and_truncate_atom(Atom,LineLength,Limit,NewAtom)),
950		NewAtom=Atom.
951		wrap_and_truncate_atom(Atom,LineLength,Limit,NewAtom) :-
952		atom_codes(Atom,Codes),
953		wrap_and_truncate_codes(Codes,LineLength,LineLength,Limit,NewCodes,Chng),
954		(Chng=true -> atom_codes(NewAtom,NewCodes) ; NewAtom=Atom).
955
956		wrap_and_truncate_codes([],_,_,_,[],false).
957		wrap_and_truncate_codes([H|T],CharsOnLineCount,MaxLineLength,TotCount,Res,Chng) :-
958		(TotCount<1 -> Res = [46,46,46],Chng=true /* '...' */
959		; (CharsOnLineCount<1 -> Res=[92,110,H|TT], /* add newline \n */
960		TR=T, L1 is MaxLineLength, Chng=true
961		; H=92,T=[H2|T2] -> Res = [H,H2|TT], /* do not split escaped char */
962		TR=T2, L1 is CharsOnLineCount-1, Chng2=Chng
963		; Res = [H|TT], TR=T, L1 is CharsOnLineCount-1, Chng2=Chng),
964		TC1 is TotCount-1, wrap_and_truncate_codes(TR,L1,MaxLineLength,TC1,TT,Chng2)
965		).
966
967
968		% print_size_of_table counts the number of succeeded calls of the
969		% given predicate
970		get_calls_for_table(Module:P/N,Call) :- !,
971		functor(Call,P,N),
972		call(Module:Call).
973		get_calls_for_table(P/N,Call) :-
974		functor(Call,P,N),
975		call(Call).
976
977		:- volatile count/1.
978		:- dynamic count/1.
979		print_size_of_table(Pred) :- retractall(count(_)),
980		assertz(count(0)),
981		get_calls_for_table(Pred,_),inc_size_of_table,fail.
982		print_size_of_table(Pred) :-
983		print('% size of table for '), print(Pred), print(': '), count(X), print(X),nl.
984		inc_size_of_table :- retract(count(X)),X1 is X+1, assertz(count(X1)).
985
986
987		% ----------------- Sorting ---------------
988
989		safe_sort(Orig,A,B) :- var(A),!, add_internal_error('Illegal call: ',safe_sort(Orig,A,B)),A=B.
990		safe_sort(_,A,B) :- sort(A,B).
991
992		:- use_module(library(samsort)).
993		% a sorting function which checks that there were no multiples in the original list
994		safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res) :- var(S),!, add_internal_error('Illegal call: ',safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res)),S=Res.
995		%safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res) :- !,sort(S,Res).
996		safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res) :- samsort(S,SS),
997		(SS=[H|T] -> (check_for_multiples(T,H,Orig) -> Res=SS ; sort(SS,Res)) ; Res=SS).
998		check_for_multiples([],_,_).
999		check_for_multiples([H|T],Prev,Origin) :-
1000		(H=Prev
1001		-> add_error(Origin,'Multiple occurrences in set list of: ',H),fail
1002		; check_for_multiples(T,H,Origin)).
1003
1004		% ----------------------
1005
1006		safe_functor(Src,F,A,Term) :- var(F),var(A),var(Term),!,
1007		add_internal_error('Illegal functor call: ',safe_functor(Src,F,A,Term)),
1008		fail.
1009		safe_functor(_,F,A,T) :- functor(F,A,T).
1010
1011
1012		print_runtime :- statistics(runtime,[Tot,SinceLast]), print(' Total runtime: '), print(Tot),
1013		print(' ms, since last: '), print(SinceLast), print(' ms'),nl.
1014
1015		:- use_module(debug,[debug_mode/1, silent_mode/1]).
1016		start_ms_timer(timer(R,T,W)) :- statistics(runtime,[R,_]),
1017		statistics(total_runtime,[T,_]),
1018		statistics(walltime,[W,_]).
1019		stop_ms_timer(T) :- stop_ms_timer(T,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/RTT,walltime/WT]),
1020		format('% Runtime: ~w ms (with gc: ~w ms, walltime: ~w ms)~n',[RT,RTT,WT]).
1021		stop_ms_timer_with_debug_msg(T,Msg) :-
1022		(debug_mode(on) -> stop_ms_timer_with_msg(T,Msg) ; true).
1023		stop_ms_timer_with_silent_msg(T,Msg) :-
1024		(silent_mode(on) -> true ; stop_ms_timer_with_msg(T,Msg)).
1025		stop_ms_timer_with_msg(T,Msg) :- stop_ms_timer(T,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/RTT,walltime/WT]),
1026		statistics(walltime,[WE,_]),
1027		convert_ms_time_to_string(WE,WEStr),
1028		format('% Runtime for ~w: ~w ms (with gc: ~w ms, walltime: ~w ms); since start: ~w~n',[Msg,RT,RTT,WT,WEStr]).
1029		stop_ms_walltimer_with_msg(T,Msg) :- stop_ms_timer(T,[runtime/_RT,total_runtime/_RTT,walltime/WT]),
1030		format('% Walltime for ~w: ~w ms~n',[Msg,WT]).
1031		stop_ms_timer(timer(R,T,W),[runtime/RT,total_runtime/RTT,walltime/WT]) :-!,
1032		statistics(runtime,[RE,_]),
1033		% These refer to CPU time used while executing, excluding time spent in memory management tasks or or in system calls.
1034		statistics(total_runtime,[TE,_]),
1035		% These refer to total CPU time used while executing, including memory management tasks such as garbage collection but excluding system calls.
1036		statistics(walltime,[WE,_]),
1037		% These refer to absolute time elapsed.
1038		RT is RE-R, RTT is TE-T, WT is WE-W.
1039		stop_ms_timer(X,Y) :-
1040		add_internal_error('Illegal call: ', stop_ms_timer(X,Y)),
1041		Y = [].
1042		get_elapsed_walltime(timer(_R,_T,W),WTot) :-
1043		statistics(walltime,[W2,_]), WTot is W2-W.
1044
1045		% convert ms time to a user readable time string
1046		convert_ms_time_to_string(TimeMS,Str) :-
1047		convert_ms_time_to_hms(TimeMS,H,M,S,MS),
1048		(H > 0 -> ajoin([H,' h ', M, ' min ', S, ' sec ', MS, ' ms'],Str)
1049		; M > 0 -> ajoin([M, ' min ', S, ' sec ', MS, ' ms'],Str)
1050		; ajoin([S, ' sec ', MS, ' ms'],Str)).
1051
1052		convert_ms_time_to_hms(TimeMS,Hours,MinsMod,SecsMod,MilSecs) :-
1053		MilSecs is TimeMS mod 1000,
1054		Secs is TimeMS // 1000, SecsMod is Secs mod 60,
1055		Mins is Secs // 60, MinsMod is Mins mod 60,
1056		Hours is Mins // 60.
1057
1058		% get delta timer between old timer1 and current time
1059		get_elapsed_timer(timer(R1,T1,W1),timer(R,T,W)) :-
1060		statistics(runtime,[R2,_]),
1061		statistics(total_runtime,[T2,_]),
1062		statistics(walltime,[W2,_]),
1063		R is R2-R1, T is T2-T1, W is W2-W1.
1064		get_elapsed_runtime(timer(R1,_,_),Delta) :-
1065		statistics(runtime,[R2,_]),
1066		Delta is R2-R1.
1067
1068		% combine (add) two timers
1069		combiner_timer(0,T2,R) :- !, R=T2.
1070		combiner_timer(timer(R1,T1,W1),timer(R2,T2,W2),timer(R,T,W)) :-
1071		R is R1+R2, T is T1+T2, W is W1+W2.
1072
1073		% a timer that measures backtracking times
1074		:- dynamic last_bt_timer/2.
1075		bt_start_ms_timer(Msg) :- retractall(last_bt_timer(Msg,_)),
1076		start_ms_timer(T), assertz(last_bt_timer(Msg,T)).
1077		bt_start_ms_timer(Msg) :- retract(last_bt_timer(Msg,Timer)),
1078		stop_ms_timer(Timer,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/_RTT,walltime/WT]),
1079		format('% Runtime to FINALISE ~w: ~w ms (walltime: ~w ms)~n',[Msg,RT,WT]),
1080		fail.
1081
1082
1083		bt_stop_ms_timer(Msg) :-
1084		retract(last_bt_timer(Msg,Last)),
1085		stop_ms_timer(Last,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/_RTT,walltime/WT]),
1086		format('% Runtime for SOLUTION for ~w: ~w ms (walltime: ~w ms)~n',[Msg,RT,WT]).
1087		bt_stop_ms_timer(Msg) :- start_ms_timer(BT_Timer),
1088		assertz(last_bt_timer(Msg,BT_Timer)),
1089		fail.
1090		% ---------------------------
1091
1092
1093		retract_with_statistics(Module,ListOfFacts) :-
1094		nl,print('Retracting Facts'),nl,
1095		get_memory_used(M),
1096		print(' Memory usage: '),print_memory_used(M),nl,
1097		retract_with_statistics(Module,ListOfFacts,M).
1098
1099
1100		retract_with_statistics(_Module,[],_) :- nl.
1101		retract_with_statistics(Module,[Fact|T],Mem) :-
1102		format('~w : ',[Fact]),
1103		%retractall(Module:Fact),
1104		retract_all_count(Module:Fact,0,Nr), format(' ~w facts : ',[Nr]),
1105		get_memory_used(NewMem),
1106		print_memory_used(NewMem),
1107		print_memory_used_difference(Mem,NewMem),
1108		retract_with_statistics(Module,T,NewMem).
1109
1110		retract_all_count(Fact,Acc,Res) :- \+ (\+ (retract(Fact))),!, A1 is Acc+1, retract_all_count(Fact,A1,Res).
1111		retract_all_count(_,R,R).
1112
1113		:- if(current_prolog_flag(dialect, swi)).
1114		% this could possibly be moved to SWI compatibility code
1115		statistics_memory_used(M) :-
1116		statistics(stack,GL), statistics(trail,T), statistics(heapused,H), M is GL+T+H.
1117		% not sure this computes all of memory used; other keys: globalused, localused, codes
1118		:- else.
1119		statistics_memory_used(M) :- statistics(memory_used,M).
1120		:- endif.
1121
1122		get_memory_used([M,PU]) :- garbage_collect,garbage_collect_atoms, get_memory_used_wo_gc([M,PU]).
1123		get_memory_used_wo_gc([M,PU]) :- statistics(program,[PU,_]),statistics_memory_used(M).
1124		print_memory_used_wo_gc :- print_memory_used_wo_gc(user_output).
1125		print_memory_used_wo_gc(Stream) :- get_memory_used_wo_gc(M), print_memory_used(Stream,M).
1126
1127		print_memory_used(M) :- print_memory_used(user_output,M).
1128		print_memory_used(Stream,[M,PU]) :- print_mb(Stream,M),
1129		write(Stream,' ('), print_mb(Stream,PU), write(Stream,' program) ').
1130
1131		print_memory_used_difference([M1,_PU1],[NewM2,_PU2]) :- Diff is (M1)-(NewM2),
1132		(Diff >= 0 -> print(' freed: '), print_bytes(Diff)
1133		; print(' allocated: '), D2 is -(Diff), print_bytes(D2)),nl.
1134		%print(' / '),Diff2 is (PU1)-(PU2), print_mb(Diff2).
1135		print_bytes(X) :- (X<50000 -> print_kb(X) ; print_mb(X)).
1136		print_gb(X) :- XGB is X / 1000000000, % used instead of deprecated 1048576
1137		format(' ~3f GB',[XGB]).
1138		print_mb(X) :- print_mb(user_output,X).
1139		print_mb(Stream,X) :- XMB is X / 1000000, % used instead of deprecated 1048576
1140		format(Stream,' ~3f MB',[XMB]).
1141		print_kb(X) :- XKB is X / 1000, % used instead of deprecated 1024
1142		format(' ~3f KB',[XKB]).
1143
1144		space_call(Call) :- get_memory_used(M1),
1145		call(Call),
1146		get_memory_used(M2),
1147		print_memory_used(M2),
1148		print_memory_used_difference(M1,M2).
1149
1150		% ---------------------------
1151
1152		:- use_module(library(fastrw),[fast_read/2]).
1153
1154		read_term_from_file(Filename,Term) :-
1155		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1156		open(AbsFilename,read,Stream),
1157		peek_code(Stream,Code),
1158		read_term_from_file2(Code,Stream,AbsFilename,Term).
1159
1160		read_term_from_file2(Code,Stream,File,Term) :-
1161		fastrw_start_code(Code), !,
1162		close(Stream),
1163		open(File,read,NewStream,[type(binary)]),
1164		fast_read(NewStream,Term),
1165		close(NewStream).
1166		read_term_from_file2(_,Stream,_,Term) :-
1167		read_term(Stream,Term,[]),
1168		close(Stream).
1169
1170		fastrw_start_code(0'D). % like for .prob in parsercall
1171
1172		:- use_module(library(codesio), [read_from_codes/2]).
1173		safe_read_term_from_atom(Atom,Term) :-
1174		safe_atom_codes(Atom,Codes),
1175		safe_read_term_from_codes(Codes,Term).
1176		safe_read_term_from_codes(Codes,Term) :-
1177		(append(_,[46],Codes) % add dot: 46 = '.' if required
1178		-> Codes1 = Codes
1179		; append(Codes,[46],Codes1)
1180		),
1181		catch(read_from_codes(Codes1,Term),
1182		error(syntax_error(StxMsg),_),
1183		(atom_codes(AT,Codes),
1184		ajoin(['Prolog syntax error: ',StxMsg,' in'],Msg),
1185		add_error(read_term_from_codes,Msg,AT), fail)
1186		).
1187
1188
1189		read_string_from_file(Filename,String) :-
1190		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1191		open(AbsFilename,read,S), % utf
1192		read_string(S,String),
1193		close(S).
1194
1195		% Encoding can be any value of text_encoding preference category: auto, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', ...
1196		read_string_from_file(Filename,auto,String) :- !, read_string_from_file(Filename,String).
1197		read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String) :-
1198		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1199		open(AbsFilename,read,S,[encoding(Encoding)]),
1200		read_string(S,String),
1201		close(S).
1202
1203		read_string(S,String) :-
1204		get_code(S,C),!,
1205		(C= -1
1206		-> String = []
1207		; String = [C|Rest], read_string(S,Rest)).
1208
1209		read_atom_from_file(Filename,Encoding,Atom) :-
1210		read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String),
1211		atom_codes(Atom,String).
1212
1213		% version which catches exceptions
1214		safe_read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String) :-
1215		catch(read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String), E, (
1216		ajoin(['Could not read string from file ',Filename,':'],Msg),
1217		add_error(read_string_from_file,Msg,E),
1218		fail
1219		)).
1220
1221		:- use_module(debug,[debug_format/3]).
1222		% open a file using auto and try and read XML header
1223		% <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
1224		% useful to first open file and detect encoding and then re-open file using the found encoding
1225		detect_xml_encoding(Filename,Version,Encoding) :-
1226		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1227		open(AbsFilename,read,Stream),
1228		call_cleanup(
1229		(
1230		match(" <?xml_version = \"",Stream),
1231		read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,Version),
1232		debug_format(19,'XML version ~s detected~n',[Version]),
1233		(match(" encoding = \"",Stream)
1234		-> read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,EncodingCodes),
1235		debug_format(19,'XML encoding ~s detected~n',[EncodingCodes]),
1236		(EncodingCodes = "windows 1252" -> UEnc=Encoding % only encoding using lower case
1237		; maplist(simple_upcase,EncodingCodes,UEnc) % convert utf-8 to UTF-8;
1238		),
1239		atom_codes(Encoding,UEnc)
1240		; debug_format(19,'No XML encoding detected in header, using auto ~w~n',[Filename]),
1241		Encoding = auto
1242		)
1243		),
1244		close(Stream)).
1245
1246
1247		simple_upcase(H,R) :- H >="a", H=<"z", !, R is H+"A"-"a".
1248		simple_upcase(H,H).
1249
1250		% simple read contents of a string until end quote; no escaping detected (yet)
1251		read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,String) :-
1252		get_code(Stream,C),!,
1253		(C= -1
1254		-> String = []
1255		; C = 34 -> String = [] % string finished
1256		; String=[C|Rest],read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,Rest)).
1257
1258		match([],_).
1259		match([H|T],Stream) :- !, get_code(Stream,C),
1260		match2(H,T,C,Stream).
1261
1262		match2(32,T,C,Stream) :- !, % treat a space character as optional whitespace
1263		(is_ws(C) -> match([32|T],Stream)
1264		; T = [H1|T1],
1265		match2(H1,T1,C,Stream)
1266		).
1267		match2(95,T,C,Stream) :- !, % treat underscore as mandatory whitespace
1268		(is_ws(C) -> match([32|T],Stream)
1269		; debug_format(19,'Not a valid xml header ("~s" instead of whitespace)~n',[[C]]),fail
1270		).
1271		match2(H,T,C,Stream) :-
1272		(C=H -> match(T,Stream)
1273		; format('Not a valid xml header ("~s" instead of "~s")~n',[[C],[H]]),fail
1274		).
1275
1276		is_ws(32).
1277		is_ws(9). % tab
1278		is_ws(10).
1279		is_ws(13).
1280
1281		%! open_temp_file(+BaseName, -Path, -Stream, +Options) is det.
1282		%
1283		% Compatible way to create and open a temporary file.
1284		%
1285		% ReqName will be used as the file name if possible,
1286		% but the actual file name may be different
1287		% (e. g. it may have a unique suffix added).
1288		% Path is the temporary file's full path,
1289		% which is automatically opened for writing as Stream.
1290		% Supported Options are type(binary) and encoding(Encoding).
1291		% see also tmpdir preference, default /tmp/ on Unix
1292
1293		:- if(predicate_property(tmp_file_stream(_,_,_), _)). % SWI
1294
1295		:- use_module(library(lists), [select/4]).
1296		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, Options) :-
1297		select(type(binary), Options, encoding(octet), OptionsMod),
1298		!,
1299		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, OptionsMod).
1300		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, Options) :-
1301		% tmp_file_stream only allows controlling the extension, not the name before it.
1302		get_filename_extension(ReqName, Extension),
1303		tmp_file_stream(Path, Stream, [extension(Extension)|Options]).
1304
1305		:- else. % SICStus
1306
1307		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, Options) :-
1308		open(temp(ReqName), write, Stream, [if_exists(generate_unique_name)|Options]),
1309		stream_property(Stream, file_name(Path)).
1310
1311		:- endif.
1312
1313		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream) :- open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, []).
1314
1315		% ------------------------------
1316
1317		% encoding atoms for Latex:
1318
1319		latex_escape_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
1320		add_internal_error('Cannot escape: ',latex_escape_atom(Atom,EscAtom)),
1321		EscAtom=Atom.
1322		latex_escape_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :-
1323		atom_codes(Atom,Codes), latex_escape_codes(Codes,ECodes), atom_codes(EscAtom,ECodes).
1324
1325		latex_escape_codes([],[]).
1326		%latex_escape_codes([92,C|T],[92,C|ET]) :- !, % already escaped
1327		% latex_escape_codes(T,ET).
1328		latex_escape_codes([C|T],[92,C|ET]) :- latex_escape_code(C),!, % 95 = _ underscore, 92 = \ backslash
1329		latex_escape_codes(T,ET).
1330		latex_escape_codes([Code|T],ET) :- translate_code(Code,String),
1331		!,
1332		append(String,ET2,ET),
1333		latex_escape_codes(T,ET2).
1334		latex_escape_codes([H|T],[H|ET]) :- latex_escape_codes(T,ET).
1335
1336		latex_escape_code(35). % #
1337		latex_escape_code(36). % $
1338		latex_escape_code(37). % %
1339		latex_escape_code(38). % &
1340		latex_escape_code(95). % 95 = _ underscore
1341		latex_escape_code(123). % {
1342		latex_escape_code(125). % }
1343
1344		translate_code(92,"\\textbackslash{}"). % \ % \textbackslash seems to work in both math and normal mode
1345		translate_code(94,"\\textasciicircum{}"). % ^
1346		translate_code(126,"\\textasciitilde{}"). % ~
1347		%translate_code(126,"\\~{}"). % 126 = ~ tilde -> \~{} (\sim would be alternative in math mode)
1348
1349		% ------------------------------
1350
1351		% encoding atoms for B Strings:
1352		% escape special characters so that we can output the string between quotes "..." and obtain a valid value
1353
1354		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:b_escape_string_atom('{"a"}','{\\"a\\"}')).
1355		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:b_escape_string_atom('{"a \\/ b"}','{\\"a \\/ b\\"}')).
1356
1357		b_escape_string_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
1358		add_internal_error('Cannot escape: ',b_escape_string_atom(Atom,EscAtom)),
1359		EscAtom=Atom.
1360		b_escape_string_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :-
1361		atom_codes(Atom,Codes), b_string_escape_codes(Codes,ECodes), atom_codes(EscAtom,ECodes).
1362
1363		b_string_escape_codes([],R) :- !, R=[].
1364		b_string_escape_codes([C|T],Res) :-
1365		(C=92, T=[C2|_], % 92 = \ backslash
1366		\+ valid_backslash_escape(C2) % we do not need to escape the \ in \x for example, but we need to escape in \n
1367		-> Res = [92|ET]
1368		; b_escape_code(C,EC) -> Res = [92,EC|ET]
1369		; Res = [C|ET]
1370		),
1371		b_string_escape_codes(T,ET).
1372
1373		b_escape_code(9,116). % tab, 116 = t
1374		b_escape_code(10,110). % newline, 110 = n
1375		b_escape_code(13,114). % return 114 = r
1376		b_escape_code(34,34). % "
1377		%b_escape_code(39,39). % ' % not necessary for "..." literals
1378		b_escape_code(92,92). % \
1379
1380		% these are the escape codes the parser / ProB currently supports:
1381		valid_backslash_escape(34). % "
1382		valid_backslash_escape(39). % '
1383		valid_backslash_escape(92). % \
1384		valid_backslash_escape(110). %n
1385		valid_backslash_escape(114). %r
1386		valid_backslash_escape(116). %t
1387
1388		% ------------------------------
1389
1390
1391		%%
1392		% Escape is needed for &, \/, /\, ", ', etc.
1393		% used mainly for dot output
1394		% It seems dotty does not understand escapes, neither C style nor HTML style.
1395		% Dot does render '&' correctly, no matter of escape.
1396		%
1397
1398		print_escaped(Atom) :- string_escape(Atom,E), write(E).
1399
1400		:- use_module(library(lists), [
1401		maplist/3,
1402		scanlist/4]).
1403
1404		string_escape(Atom, EscapedAtom):-
1405		string_escape(dot_string_escape_map, Atom, EscapedAtom).
1406
1407
1408		string_escape(_,Number, EscapedAtom):-
1409		number(Number),!, number_chars(Number,C), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,C). % to detect when label=value
1410		string_escape(Map, Atom, EscapedAtom):-
1411		atom(Atom),
1412		atom_chars(Atom, Chars),
1413		maplist(Map, Chars, EscapedChars),
1414		scanlist(x_atom_concat_rev, EscapedChars, '', EscapedAtom),!.
1415		string_escape(Map,Term, EscapedTerm):-
1416		Term =.. [Fkt|Args],
1417		string_escape(Map, Fkt, EscapedFkt),
1418		maplist(string_escape(Map), Args, EscapedArgs),!,
1419		EscapedTerm =.. [EscapedFkt|EscapedArgs].
1420		string_escape(_,X,X).
1421
1422
1423		x_atom_concat_rev(A,B,BA):-
1424		atom_concat(B,A,BA).
1425
1426
1427		% simple escape, just ensuring no syntax errors and not disturbing records already constructed as B string,...
1428		% however, not that fields of records are already escaped
1429		simple_dot_string_escape(Number, EscapedAtom) :- number(Number),!,
1430		number_chars(Number,C), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,C).
1431		simple_dot_string_escape(Atom, EscapedAtom) :- atom(Atom),!,
1432		atom_chars(Atom,Chars),
1433		simple_dot_esc( Chars, EC), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,EC).
1434		simple_dot_string_escape(Atom,Res) :-
1435		add_internal_error('Not atomic: ',simple_dot_string_escape(Atom,Res)),
1436		Res=Atom.
1437
1438		simple_dot_esc([],[]).
1439		simple_dot_esc(['\\','"' | T],['\\','"' |TR]) :- !, % already escaped
1440		simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1441		simple_dot_esc(['\\','\\' | T],['\\','\\' |TR]) :- !, % already escaped
1442		simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1443		simple_dot_esc(['"' | T],['\\','"' |TR]) :- !,
1444		simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1445		simple_dot_esc([H | T],[H|TR]) :-simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1446
1447
1448		% ----------------
1449
1450
1451		% escape for XML attribute values for use in double quotes
1452		%https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19766669/which-characters-are-permitted-in-xml-attributes
1453		% AttValue ::= '"' ([^<&"] | Reference)* '"'
1454		% | "'" ([^<&'] | Reference)* "'"
1455
1456		xml_attribute_escape(Codes,EscapedCodes) :- xml_attr_escape(Codes,EscapedCodes,[]).
1457		xml_attr_escape([]) --> "".
1458		xml_attr_escape([0'&|T]) --> !, "&", xml_attr_escape(T).
1459		xml_attr_escape([0'<|T]) --> !, "<", xml_attr_escape(T).
1460		xml_attr_escape([0'>|T]) --> !, ">", xml_attr_escape(T). % strictly speaking not necessary for attribute values
1461		xml_attr_escape([10|T]) --> !, " ", xml_attr_escape(T). % newline
1462		xml_attr_escape([9|T]) --> !, " ", xml_attr_escape(T). % tab
1463		xml_attr_escape([0'"|T]) --> !, """, xml_attr_escape(T).
1464		xml_attr_escape([H|T]) --> [H], xml_attr_escape(T).
1465
1466		% ----------------
1467
1468		xml_escape(Number, EscapedAtom) :-
1469		number(Number),!, number_chars(Number,C), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,C).
1470		xml_escape(Atom, EscapedAtom) :-
1471		atom_codes(Atom,Codes),
1472		xml_escape_codes(Codes,ECodes),
1473		atom_codes(EscapedAtom,ECodes).
1474
1475		xml_escape_codes([],[]).
1476		xml_escape_codes([H|T],Res) :-
1477		xml_string_escape_map(H,NewCodes), !,
1478		append(NewCodes,TR,Res),
1479		xml_escape_codes(T,TR).
1480		xml_escape_codes([H|T],[H|TR]) :-
1481		xml_escape_codes(T,TR).
1482
1483		xml_string_escape_map(34,[38,113,117,111,116,59]) :- !. % " -> "
1484		xml_string_escape_map(38,[38,97,109,112,59]) :- !. % & -> &
1485		xml_string_escape_map(39,[38,97,112,111,115,59]) :- !. % ' -> '
1486		xml_string_escape_map(60,[38,108,116,59]) :- !. % < -> <
1487		xml_string_escape_map(62,[38,103,116,59]) :- !. % > -> >
1488
1489
1490		html_escape(Number, EscapedAtom) :-
1491		number(Number),!, number_chars(Number,C), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,C). % to detect when label=value
1492		html_escape(Atom, EscapedAtom) :-
1493		atom_codes(Atom,Codes),
1494		html_escape_codes(Codes,ECodes),
1495		atom_codes(EscapedAtom,ECodes).
1496		% atom_chars(Atom, Chars),
1497		% maplist(html_string_escape_map, Chars, EscapedChars),!,
1498		% scanlist(x_atom_concat_rev, EscapedChars, '', EscapedAtom). % very inefficient for large atoms
1499
1500
1501		html_escape_codes([],[]).
1502		html_escape_codes([H|T],Res) :-
1503		\+ no_escape_necessary(H), % avoid calling atom_codes
1504		atom_codes(Atom,[H]),
1505		html_string_escape_map(Atom,NewAtom), % TODO: rewrite html_escape map to work with codes
1506		!,
1507		atom_codes(NewAtom,NewCodes),
1508		append(NewCodes,TR,Res),
1509		html_escape_codes(T,TR).
1510		html_escape_codes([H|T],[H|TR]) :-
1511		html_escape_codes(T,TR).
1512
1513		no_escape_necessary(32).
1514		no_escape_necessary(40). % (
1515		no_escape_necessary(41). % )
1516		no_escape_necessary(44). % ,
1517		no_escape_necessary(45). % -
1518		no_escape_necessary(46). % .
1519		no_escape_necessary(61). % =
1520		no_escape_necessary(95).
1521		no_escape_necessary(X) :- (X>=97,X=<122) ; (X>=65, X=<90) ; (X>=48, X=<57). % alphadigit
1522
1523		dot_string_escape_map('\n', '\\n').
1524		dot_string_escape_map('\\', '\\\\').
1525		dot_string_escape_map('"', '\\"').
1526		dot_string_escape_map('\'', '\\\'').
1527		dot_string_escape_map('{', '\\{'). % important if used inside dot records
1528		dot_string_escape_map('}', '\\}'). % important if used inside dot records
1529		dot_string_escape_map('|', '\\|'). % important if used inside dot records
1530		dot_string_escape_map('>', '\\>'). % important if used inside dot records
1531		dot_string_escape_map('<', '\\<'). % important if used inside dot records
1532		dot_string_escape_map(A,B) :- x_string_escape_map(A,B).
1533
1534		html_string_escape_map('&', '&') :- !. % michael: habe diese 3 Zeilen auskommentiert
1535		html_string_escape_map('<', '<') :- !.
1536		html_string_escape_map('>', '>') :- !.
1537		html_string_escape_map('"', '"') :- !.
1538		html_string_escape_map(A,B) :- x_string_escape_map(A,B),!.
1539
1540
1541		% this is the SICSTus encoding for Unicode either \octal_number\ or \xHexNumber\
1542		% See Section 4.1.7.6 Escape Sequences in SICStus Manual (page 60)
1543		x_string_escape_map('\344\', 'ä'). % a mit Umlaut
1544		x_string_escape_map('\366\', 'ö'). % o mit Umlaut
1545		x_string_escape_map('\374\', 'ü'). % u mit Umlaut
1546		x_string_escape_map('\304\', 'Ä'). % A mit Umlaut
1547		x_string_escape_map('\326\', 'Ö'). % O mit Umlaut
1548		x_string_escape_map('\334\', 'Ü'). % U mit Umlaut
1549
1550		x_string_escape_map('\353\', 'ë'). % e mit Umlaut
1551		x_string_escape_map('\313\', 'Ë'). % E mit Umlaut
1552
1553		x_string_escape_map('\350\', 'è'). % e mit Accent
1554		x_string_escape_map('\351\', 'é').
1555		x_string_escape_map('\352\', 'ê').
1556		x_string_escape_map('\310\', 'È'). % E mit Accent
1557		x_string_escape_map('\311\', 'É').
1558		x_string_escape_map('\312\', 'Ê').
1559
1560		x_string_escape_map('\340\', 'à'). % a mit Accent
1561		x_string_escape_map('\341\', 'á').
1562		x_string_escape_map('\342\', 'â').
1563		x_string_escape_map('\300\', 'À'). % A mit Accent
1564		x_string_escape_map('\301\', 'Á').
1565		x_string_escape_map('\302\', 'Â').
1566
1567		x_string_escape_map('\354\', 'ì'). % i mit Accent
1568		x_string_escape_map('\355\', 'í').
1569		x_string_escape_map('\356\', 'î').
1570		x_string_escape_map('\314\', 'Ì'). % I mit Accent
1571		x_string_escape_map('\315\', 'Í').
1572		x_string_escape_map('\316\', 'Î').
1573
1574		x_string_escape_map('\362\', 'ò'). % o mit Accent
1575		x_string_escape_map('\363\', 'ó').
1576		x_string_escape_map('\364\', 'ô').
1577		x_string_escape_map('\322\', 'Ò'). % O mit Accent
1578		x_string_escape_map('\323\', 'Ó').
1579		x_string_escape_map('\324\', 'Ô').
1580
1581		x_string_escape_map('\347\', 'ç'). % cedille
1582		x_string_escape_map('\307\', 'Ç'). % Cedille
1583
1584		x_string_escape_map('\337\', 'ß'). % scharfes S (sz)
1585		x_string_escape_map('\361\', 'ñ'). % n with tilde
1586
1587		x_string_escape_map('\1661\', 'α'). % Greek
1588		x_string_escape_map('\1662\', 'β').
1589		x_string_escape_map('\1663\', 'γ').
1590		x_string_escape_map('\1664\', 'δ').
1591		x_string_escape_map('\1665\', 'ε').
1592		x_string_escape_map('\1666\', 'ζ').
1593		x_string_escape_map('\1667\', 'η').
1594		x_string_escape_map('\1670\', 'θ').
1595		x_string_escape_map('\1671\', 'ι').
1596		x_string_escape_map('\1672\', 'κ').
1597		x_string_escape_map('\1673\', 'λ').
1598		x_string_escape_map('\1674\', 'μ').
1599		x_string_escape_map('\1675\', 'ν').
1600		x_string_escape_map('\1676\', 'ξ').
1601		x_string_escape_map('\1677\', 'ο').
1602		x_string_escape_map('\1700\', 'π').
1603		x_string_escape_map('\1701\', 'ρ').
1604		x_string_escape_map('\1702\', 'ς').
1605		x_string_escape_map('\1703\', 'σ').
1606		x_string_escape_map('\1704\', 'τ').
1607		x_string_escape_map('\1705\', 'υ').
1608		x_string_escape_map('\1706\', 'φ').
1609		x_string_escape_map('\1707\', 'χ').
1610		x_string_escape_map('\1710\', 'ψ').
1611		x_string_escape_map('\1711\', 'ω').
1612
1613		% to do: add missing upper-case Greek letters:
1614		x_string_escape_map('\1624\', 'Δ').
1615		x_string_escape_map('\1630\', 'Θ').
1616		x_string_escape_map('\1633\', 'Λ').
1617		x_string_escape_map('\1636\', 'Ξ').
1618		x_string_escape_map('\1645\', 'Υ').
1619		x_string_escape_map('\1647\', 'Χ').
1620		x_string_escape_map('\1650\', 'Ψ').
1621		x_string_escape_map('\1651\', 'Ω').
1622
1623		% other symbols (converted using http://www.online-toolz.com/tools/unicode-html-entities-convertor.php )
1624		x_string_escape_map('\21242\','⊢'). %vdash turnstyle decimal: 8866
1625		x_string_escape_map('\21250\','⊨'). %models turnstyle decimal: 8872
1626		x_string_escape_map('\x21D4\','⇔'). % equivalence
1627		x_string_escape_map('\x21D2\','⇒'). % implication
1628		x_string_escape_map('\x2203\','∃'). % exists
1629		x_string_escape_map('\x2200\','∀'). % forall
1630		x_string_escape_map('·','·'). % dot used for quantifiers, ASCII 183
1631		x_string_escape_map('\x2227\','∧'). % conjunct
1632		x_string_escape_map('\x2228\','∨'). % disjunct
1633		x_string_escape_map('\xAC\','¬'). % negation
1634		x_string_escape_map('\x21A6\','↦'). % maplet |->
1635		x_string_escape_map('\x2286\','⊆'). % <: subseteq
1636		x_string_escape_map('\x222A\','∪'). % union
1637		x_string_escape_map('\x2229\','∩'). % intersection
1638		x_string_escape_map('\x2205\','∅'). % empty set
1639		x_string_escape_map('\x2260\','≠'). % not equal
1640		x_string_escape_map('\x2264\','≤'). % less equal
1641		x_string_escape_map('\x2265\','≥'). % greater equal
1642		x_string_escape_map('\x2124\','ℤ'). % Z (INTEGER)
1643		x_string_escape_map('\x2115\','ℕ'). % NATURAL
1644
1645		% Numbers without HTML translation: .. 8229
1646
1647		% translate unknown unicode chars to lozenge
1648		x_string_escape_map(Unicode, Result) :- atom(Unicode),
1649		atom_codes(Unicode,[Nr]), Nr>127,
1650		!,
1651		ajoin(['&#',Nr,';'],Result).
1652		%x_string_escape_map(Unicode, '◊') :-
1653		% atom(Unicode), atom_codes(Unicode,[Code]), Code>127.
1654		% format(user_output,'Uni: ~w ~n',[Unicode]).
1655		x_string_escape_map(X, X).
1656
1657		%
1658		% split_list(Pred,List,ListA,ListB):
1659		% List contains exactly the same elements as ListA and ListB
1660		% An element E is member of ListA iff Pred(E) is true and E is element of List.
1661		% An element E is member of ListB iff Pred(E) is false and E is element of List.
1662		% combination of include/exclude from library(lists) (include_exclude)
1663		:- assert_must_succeed(( split_list(number,[1,a,2,b],S,F), S==[1,2], F==[a,b] )).
1664		split_list(Pred,List,A,B) :-
1665		split_list2(List,Pred,A,B).
1666		split_list2([],_Pred,[],[]).
1667		split_list2([Elem|Rest],Pred,A,B) :-
1668	?	( call(Pred,Elem) -> A=[Elem|AR], B=BR
1669		; A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1670		split_list2(Rest,Pred,AR,BR).
1671
1672
1673		:- assert_must_succeed(( map_split_list(just_for_unit_test_add(0),[1,2,3],S,F), S==[10,20,30], F==[] )).
1674		% like map_list but put unsuccessful elements in a second list
1675		map_split_list(Pred,List,A,B) :-
1676		map_split_list2(List,Pred,A,B).
1677		map_split_list2([],_Pred,[],[]).
1678		map_split_list2([Elem|Rest],Pred,A,B) :-
1679		( call(Pred,Elem,Res) -> A=[Res|AR], B=BR
1680		; A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1681		map_split_list2(Rest,Pred,AR,BR).
1682
1683		% a variation of split_list which also returns a list of predicate results
1684		% with re_split_list_idx(L,PredResult,A,B) : we can split another list using the same pattern
1685		split_list_idx(Pred,List,PredResult,A,B) :-
1686		split_list_idx2(List,Pred,PredResult,A,B).
1687		split_list_idx2([],_Pred,[],[],[]).
1688		split_list_idx2([Elem|Rest],Pred,[PredTrue|PT],A,B) :-
1689		(call(Pred,Elem) -> PredTrue=true, A=[Elem|AR], B=BR
1690		; PredTrue=false, A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1691		split_list_idx2(Rest,Pred,PT,AR,BR).
1692
1693
1694		re_split_list_idx([],[],[],[]).
1695		re_split_list_idx([Elem|Rest],[PredTrue|PT],A,B) :-
1696		(PredTrue=true -> A=[Elem|AR], B=BR
1697		; A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1698		re_split_list_idx(Rest,PT,AR,BR).
1699
1700
1701
1702		% try and avoid going through same transitions twice
1703		% works with simple transition ids, or with atom/3 entries from ltl model_checker
1704		:- assert_must_succeed((minimize_lasso([0,1,2,4,8,14,7,12],[15,4,8,14,7,12],P,L),
1705		P==[0,1,2], L==[4,8,14,7,12,15])).
1706		minimize_lasso(Prefix,Loop,NewPrefix,NewLoop) :- reverse(Prefix,RP), reverse(Loop,RL),
1707		common_prefix(RP,RL,Common,RestP,RestLoop),
1708		append(RestLoop,Common,NewLR), reverse(NewLR,NewLoop),
1709		reverse(RestP,NewPrefix).
1710		common_prefix([H|T1],[H|T2],[H|Res],Rest1,Rest2) :- !, common_prefix(T1,T2,Res,Rest1,Rest2).
1711		common_prefix(T1,T2,[],T1,T2).
1712
1713
1714
1715		just_for_unit_test_add(A,B,C) :- C is A+(10*B).
1716		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add,[],0,R), R==0 )).
1717		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add,[3,6,7,2,6],0,R), R==36726 )).
1718
1719		foldl(MPred,List,Start,Result) :-
1720		foldl2(List,MPred,Start,Result).
1721		foldl2([],_Pred,Value,Value).
1722		foldl2([Elem|Rest],MPred,OldValue,NewValue) :-
1723		call(MPred,Elem,OldValue,Value),
1724		foldl2(Rest,MPred,Value,NewValue).
1725
1726
1727		just_for_unit_test_add2(A,B,C,D) :- D is 100*C+10*A+B.
1728		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add2,[],[],0,R), R==0 )).
1729		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add2,[3,6,7,2,6],[5,2,9,0,8],0,R), R==3562792068 )).
1730
1731		foldl(MPred,List,List1,Start,Result) :-
1732		foldl2(List,MPred,List1,Start,Result).
1733		foldl2([],_Pred,[],Value,Value).
1734		foldl2([Elem|Rest],MPred,[H1|R1],OldValue,NewValue) :-
1735		call(MPred,Elem,H1,OldValue,Value),
1736		foldl2(Rest,MPred,R1,Value,NewValue).
1737
1738
1739		just_for_unit_test_add3(A,B,C,D,E) :- E is D*1000+100*A+10*B+C.
1740		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add3,[],[],[],0,R), R==0 )).
1741		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add3,[3,6,7],[5,2,9],[4,1,0],0,R),
1742		R==354621790 )).
1743
1744		foldl(MPred,A,B,C,Start,Result) :-
1745		foldl2(A,MPred,B,C,Start,Result).
1746		foldl2([],_Pred,[],[],Value,Value).
1747		foldl2([Elem|Rest],MPred,[H1|R1],[H2|R2],OldValue,NewValue) :-
1748		call(MPred,Elem,H1,H2,OldValue,Value),
1749		foldl2(Rest,MPred,R1,R2,Value,NewValue).
1750
1751
1752		:- assert_must_succeed(( maplist5(just_for_unit_test_add2,[],[],[],R), R==[] )).
1753		:- assert_must_succeed(( maplist5(just_for_unit_test_add2,[1],[2],[3],R), R==[312] )).
1754		:- assert_must_succeed(( maplist5(just_for_unit_test_add2,[1,1],[2,0],[3,0],R), R==[312,10] )).
1755
1756		maplist5(_P,[],[],[],[]).
1757		maplist5(P,[H1|T1],[H2|T2],[H3|T3],[H4|T4]) :-
1758		if(call(P,H1,H2,H3,H4),
1759	?	maplist5(P,T1,T2,T3,T4),
1760		(add_internal_error('Call fails: ',maplist5(P,H1,H2,H3,H4)),
1761		fail)).
1762
1763
1764		:- assert_must_succeed(( average([2,4,8,10],Avg), D is abs(Avg-6),D<0.001 )).
1765		:- assert_must_succeed(( average([2],Avg), D is abs(Avg-2), D<0.001 )).
1766		average(List,Avg) :-
1767		length(List,N),sumlist(List,Sum),Avg is Sum/N.
1768
1769
1770		% assert_once works like assertz, but checks if the fact has already been stored before and
1771		% will not store it a second time
1772		assert_once(MPredicate) :-
1773		(call(MPredicate) -> true ; assertz(MPredicate)).
1774
1775
1776
1777		:- dynamic id_counter/1.
1778		unique_id(Prefix,Id) :-
1779		(id_counter(V) -> retractall(id_counter(_)) ; V is 0),
1780		N is V+1,
1781		assertz( id_counter(N) ),
1782		number_codes(N,NCodes),
1783		append(Prefix,NCodes,ICodes),
1784		atom_codes(Id,ICodes).
1785
1786		% PROBPATH is the runtime search path for defintion files not found relative to the original machine.
1787		% By default this is the stdlib directory relative to the prob base dir.
1788		% The user can provide a list of : separated directories in the PROBPATH
1789		% environment variables which are prepended to the default path.
1790		get_PROBPATH(PROBPATH) :-
1791		environ('PROBPATH', CustomPATH),
1792		atom_length(CustomPATH, L),
1793		L > 0, !,
1794		get_path_separator(PS),
1795		get_stdlib_path(STDLIB), ajoin([CustomPATH, PS, STDLIB], PROBPATH).
1796
1797		get_PROBPATH(PROBPATH) :- get_stdlib_path(PROBPATH).
1798
1799		get_stdlib_path(STDLIB) :- runtime_application_path(Base), atom_concat(Base, '/stdlib', STDLIB).
1800
1801		% Platform specific path separator char
1802		map_path_separator(windows, ';').
1803		map_path_separator(_, ':').
1804
1805		get_path_separator(PS) :- host_platform(Platform), map_path_separator(Platform, PS), !.
1806
1807		%% atom_to_number(?Atom, ?Number).
1808		atom_to_number(Atom, Number) :-
1809		atom(Atom),
1810		catch((
1811		atom_codes(Atom, Codes),
1812		number_codes(Number, Codes)
1813		), _, fail).
1814		atom_to_number(Atom, Number) :-
1815		number(Number),
1816		number_codes(Number, Codes),
1817		atom_codes(Atom, Codes).
1818
1819		% ----------
1820
1821		% useful for e.g. SWI Prolog where redefine_warnings is not defined
1822		get_set_optional_prolog_flag(Flag,Old,New) :-
1823		(catch(current_prolog_flag(Flag, Old), error(domain_error(_, _), _), fail) ->
1824		set_prolog_flag(Flag, New)
1825		;
1826		current_prolog_flag(dialect, Prolog),
1827		format('Prolog flag ~w not supported on ~w~n', [Flag, Prolog])
1828		).
1829
1830
1831		% ----------
1832
1833		% predicates for lists with optional items represented using optional_value(V,pred_true/pred_false)
1834		% we assume that optional values constructors (optional_value/2) are instantiated *before* calling maplist_optional
1835
1836	?	map_optlist(Pred,List) :- map_optlist_aux(List,Pred).
1837
1838		:- block map_optlist_aux(-,?).
1839		map_optlist_aux([],_) :- !.
1840		map_optlist_aux([H|T],Pred) :- !,
1841	?	call_optional(Pred,H),
1842	?	map_optlist_aux(T,Pred).
1843		map_optlist_aux(Other,Pred) :-
1844		add_internal_error('First argument not a list:',map_optlist_aux(Other,Pred)).
1845
1846		call_optional(Pred,OptVal) :-
1847		is_optional_value(OptVal,Val,Use),
1848		!,
1849		call_optional_aux(Use,Pred,Val).
1850	?	call_optional(Pred,Val) :- call(Pred,Val).
1851
1852		:- block call_optional_aux(-,?,?).
1853		call_optional_aux(pred_true,Pred,Val) :- !, call(Pred,Val).
1854		call_optional_aux(pred_false,_,_) :- !. % ignore optional item
1855		call_optional_aux(Other,Pred,_) :-
1856		add_internal_error('First argument not a BOOL:',call_optional_aux(Other,Pred)).
1857
1858		:- block optlist_to_list(-,?).
1859		optlist_to_list([],R) :- !, R=[].
1860		optlist_to_list([OptVal|T],R) :- !,
1861		(is_optional_value(OptVal,Val,Use)
1862		-> optlist_to_list_aux(Use,Val,T,R)
1863		; R = [OptVal|RT], optlist_to_list(T,RT)
1864		).
1865		optlist_to_list(Other,R) :-
1866		add_internal_error('First argument not a list:',optlist_to_list(Other,R)),
1867		R=Other.
1868
1869		:- block optlist_to_list_aux(-,?,?,?).
1870		optlist_to_list_aux(pred_true,Val,T,[Val|TR]) :- !, optlist_to_list(T,TR).
1871		optlist_to_list_aux(pred_false,_,T,R) :- !, optlist_to_list(T,R).
1872		optlist_to_list_aux(Other,V,T,R) :-
1873		add_internal_error('First argument not a BOOL:',optlist_to_list_aux(Other,V,T,R)),
1874		fail.
1875
1876		is_optional_value(OptVal,Val,Use) :- nonvar(OptVal), OptVal = optional_value(Val,Use).
1877
1878		% ---------
1879
1880		% blackboard utilities
1881
1882
1883		bb_safe_get(Counter,R) :- (bb_get(Counter,X) -> R=X ; R=0).
1884
1885		bb_inc(Counter) :- bb_inc_by(Counter,1).
1886
1887		bb_inc_by(Counter,Inc) :-
1888		bb_safe_get(Counter,R),
1889		R1 is R+Inc, bb_put(Counter,R1).
1890
1891
1892		% ---------
1893
1894
1895		:- if(current_prolog_flag(dialect, swi)).
1896
1897		:- use_module(library(ugraphs),[top_sort/2]).
1898
1899		% this version fails if there are cycles and cannot report the number of unsorted nodes:
1900		top_sort(Graph,Sorted,UnsortedNr) :- top_sort(Graph, Sorted), UnsortedNr=0.
1901
1902		% disable code below currently for SWI, as top_sort below calls internal predicate of ugraphs: fanin_counts
1903		:- else.
1904		:- use_module(library(avl),[ord_list_to_avl/2]).
1905
1906		% a slight variation of top_sort from library(ugraphs) which allows the sorting to be not completed
1907		% top_sort(G,S,0) corresponds to top_sort in ugraphs
1908		top_sort(Graph,Sorted,UnsortedNr) :-
1909		ugraphs:fanin_counts(Graph, Counts),
1910		ugraphs:get_top_elements(Counts, Top, 0, I),
1911		ord_list_to_avl(Counts, Map),
1912		top_sort_aux(Top, I, Map, Sorted,UnsortedNr).
1913
1914		top_sort_aux([], I, _, [], UnsortedNr) :- UnsortedNr = I.
1915		top_sort_aux([V-VN|Top0], I, Map0, [V|Sorted],UnsortedNr) :-
1916		ugraphs:dec_counts(VN, I, J, Map0, Map, Top0, Top),
1917		top_sort_aux(Top, J, Map, Sorted,UnsortedNr).
1918		:- endif.