1		% (c) 2009-2025 Lehrstuhl fuer Softwaretechnik und Programmiersprachen,
2		% Heinrich Heine Universitaet Duesseldorf
3		% This software is licenced under EPL 1.0 (http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/epl-v10.html)
4
5
6		:- module(tools, [exact_member/2,
7		exact_member_lookup/4, exact_member_replace/5,
8		remove/3, remove_all/3, insert/3,
9		remove_variables/3,
10		list_intersection/3, list_difference/3,
11		disjoint_list_union/3, lists_are_disjoint/2,
12		string_concatenate/3, is_upper_case_name/1,
13		%write_to_file/2, write_to_utf8_file/2, put_codes/2, % now in tools_files
14		%print_error/1,
15		print_message/1, print_message_with_max_depth/2,
16		print_short_msg/1,
17		print_bt_message/1, print_bt_trace_message/1, bt_trace/1,
18		format_bt/2,
19		print_wtime/1,
20		print_mb/1, print_gb/1,
21		prints/1,
22		is_absolute_path/1,
23		split_common_path/4,
24		gen_relative_path/3, gen_relative_path_to_cur_dir/2,
25		get_parent_directory/2, get_parent_directory_name/2,
26		get_parent_directory_of_directory/2,
27		get_tail_filename/2, get_modulename_filename/2,
28		get_filename_extension/2,
29		get_option_from_list/4, get_options_from_list/2,
30		get_options/4,get_options/5,
31		arg_is_number/2, arg_is_number_or_wildcard/2,
32		check_filename_arg/2,
33		arg_is_integer/2,
34		split_filename/3,
35		safe_absolute_file_name/2, safe_absolute_file_name/3,
36		host_file_name_case_insensitive/0,
37		same_file_name/2,
38
39		filter/4,
40		flatten/2,
41		% count_occurences/2, % now in tools_lists
42		split_last/4,
43		split_atom/3, split_chars/3, split_complex_sep/3,
44		latex_escape_atom/2,
45		b_escape_string_atom/2, b_string_escape_codes/2,
46		string_escape/2, print_escaped/1, % can also be used for dot
47		simple_dot_string_escape/2, % for dot, just quoting "
48		html_escape/2, html_escape_codes/2,
49		xml_attribute_escape/2,
50		read_term_from_file/2,
51		read_string_from_file/2, read_string_from_file/3,
52		safe_read_string_from_file/3,
53		read_atom_from_file/3,
54		% write_lines_to_file/2, % now in tools_files
55		open_temp_file/3,
56		open_temp_file/4,
57		detect_xml_encoding/3,
58
59		ajoin/2,
60		ajoin_with_limit/3,
61		ajoin_with_sep/3,
62		substitute/4,
63		% call_residue/2, % now in tools_meta
64
65		catch_call/1,
66		observe_user_interrupt_signal/3,
67		%safe_on_exception/3, safe_on_exception_silent/3, % now in tools_meta
68		%reraise_important_exception/1, % now in tools_meta
69		% catch_matching/3, % now in tools_meta
70
71		convert_list_into_pairs/2, convert_pairs_into_list/3,
72
73		safe_univ/2, safe_univ_no_cutoff/2,
74		safe_sort/3,
75		safe_set_sort/3,
76		safe_functor/4,
77
78		safe_atom_codes/2, safe_atom_chars/3,
79		atom_codes_with_limit/2, atom_codes_with_limit/3,
80		truncate_atom/3, wrap_and_truncate_atom/4,
81		safe_number_codes/2,
82		atom_or_number_codes/2,
83		ensure_atom/2,
84		number_suffix/3,
85
86		print_size_of_table/1,
87		print_runtime/0, start_ms_timer/1, stop_ms_timer/2, stop_ms_timer/1,
88		stop_ms_timer_with_msg/2, stop_ms_timer_with_debug_msg/2,
89		stop_ms_walltimer_with_msg/2,
90		bt_start_ms_timer/1, bt_stop_ms_timer/1,
91		get_elapsed_walltime/2,
92		get_elapsed_timer/2, combiner_timer/3,
93		get_elapsed_runtime/2,
94		cputime/1, walltime/1,
95		convert_ms_time_to_string/2,
96
97		retract_with_statistics/2,
98		statistics_memory_used/1,
99		get_memory_used/1, print_memory_used_difference/2, print_memory_used/1,
100		print_memory_used_wo_gc/0, print_memory_used_wo_gc/1,
101
102		split_list/4,
103		split_list_idx/5, re_split_list_idx/4,
104
105		minimize_lasso/4,
106
107		map_split_list/4,
108		foldl/4,foldl/5,foldl/6,
109		maplist5/5,
110		average/2,
111
112		map_optlist/2,
113		optlist_to_list/2,
114
115		(space_call)/1,
116		assert_once/1,
117
118		% safe_time_out/3, % now in tools_meta
119		% time_out_call/2, time_out_call/1, time_out_with_factor_call/3, % now in tools_timeout
120
121		unique_id/2,
122
123		get_PROBPATH/1,
124		atom_to_number/2,
125		get_set_optional_prolog_flag/3
126		]).
127
128		:- meta_predicate foldl(3,?,?,?).
129		:- meta_predicate foldl2(?,3,?,?).
130		:- meta_predicate foldl(4,?,?,?,?).
131		:- meta_predicate foldl2(?,4,?,?,?).
132		:- meta_predicate foldl(5,?,?,?,?,?).
133		:- meta_predicate foldl2(?,5,?,?,?,?).
134		:- meta_predicate maplist5(4,-,-,-,-).
135		:- meta_predicate catch_call(0).
136		:- meta_predicate assert_once(0).
137		:- meta_predicate split_list_idx(1,?,?,?,?).
138		:- meta_predicate split_list_idx2(?,1,?,?,?).
139		:- meta_predicate map_split_list(2,?,?,?).
140		:- meta_predicate map_split_list2(?,2,?,?).
141		:- meta_predicate split_list(1,?,?,?).
142		:- meta_predicate split_list2(?,1,?,?).
143		:- meta_predicate observe_user_interrupt_signal(-,-,0).
144		:- meta_predicate filter(1,*,*,*).
145		:- meta_predicate get_options(+,4,-,-).
146		:- meta_predicate get_options(+,4,-,-,0).
147		:- meta_predicate retract_all_count(0,-,-).
148		:- meta_predicate space_call(0).
149		:- meta_predicate map_optlist(1,-).
150		:- meta_predicate map_optlist_aux(-,1).
151		:- meta_predicate call_optional(1,-).
152		:- meta_predicate call_optional_aux(-,1,-).
153
154		:- meta_predicate get_calls_for_table(:,-).
155		:- meta_predicate print_size_of_table(:).
156
157		:- meta_predicate string_escape(2,-,-).
158
159		:- use_module(module_information).
160
161		:- module_info(group,infrastructure).
162		:- module_info(description,'This module contains many general helper predicates.').
163
164		:- use_module(pathes,[runtime_application_path/1]). % we just import it to set-up pathes, we don't need any predicates
165
166		:- use_module(library(lists)).
167		:- use_module(library(system)).
168		%%:- use_module(library(file_systems)). %% not required ?
169		%% :- use_module(library(codesio)).
170
171
172		:- use_module(tools_meta,[reraise_important_exception/1, safe_on_exception/3]).
173
174		:- set_prolog_flag(double_quotes, codes).
175
176
177		catch_call(Call) :-
178		catch(call(Call), Exception, (
179		add_error(catch_call,'Call raised an exception: ',(Call:Exception)),
180		/* read(_), */
181		reraise_important_exception(Exception),
182		fail
183		)).
184
185		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_warning/4]).
186		% catch CTRL-C and print a message if it happens and re-throw the interrupt
187		observe_user_interrupt_signal(Context,Span,Call) :-
188		catch(Call, user_interrupt_signal, (
189		add_warning(user_interrupt_signal,'CTRL-C occurred in context: ',Context,Span),
190		%(pending_abort_error(WF,Msg,_ErrTerm,Span)
191		% % Unfortunately any abort errors induced by Call itself are already removed by the exception
192		% -> add_message(user,'Pending WD-Error could cause long runtimes: ',Msg,Span) ; true),
193		throw(user_interrupt_signal)
194		)).
195
196
197
198		:- use_module(self_check). % put after search paths have been set
199
200		% These predicates from tools_platform are tested here to avoid module load order issues.
201
202		:- use_module(tools_platform, [map_host_platform/2, map_host_processor/2, host_platform/1]).
203		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86-win32-nt-4",windows)).
204		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-win32-nt-4",windows)).
205		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-darwin-10.6.0",darwin)).
206		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-darwin-18.7.0",darwin)).
207		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("arm64-darwin-20.1.0",darwin)).
208		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86-linux-glibc2.7",linux)).
209		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-linux-glibc2.17",linux)).
210		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("aarch64-linux-glibc2.28",linux)).
211		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("nonsense-potatos-4.2",unknown)).
212		% On SWI, the arch/host_type flag doesn't include an OS version number.
213		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("i386-win32",windows)).
214		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x64-win64",windows)).
215		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("x86_64-darwin",darwin)).
216		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("arm64-darwin",darwin)).
217		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("aarch64-linux",linux)).
218		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_platform("nonsense-potatos",unknown)).
219
220		:- assert_must_succeed((host_platform(Platform), Platform \= unknown)).
221
222
223		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86-win32-nt-4",x86)).
224		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-win32-nt-4",x86_64)).
225		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-darwin-10.6.0",x86_64)).
226		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-darwin-18.7.0",x86_64)).
227		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("arm64-darwin-20.1.0",aarch64)).
228		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86-linux-glibc2.7",x86)).
229		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-linux-glibc2.17",x86_64)).
230		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("aarch64-linux-glibc2.28",aarch64)).
231		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("nonsense-potatos-4.2",unknown)).
232		% On SWI, the arch/host_type flag doesn't include an OS version number.
233		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("i386-win32",x86)).
234		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x64-win64",x86_64)).
235		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("x86_64-darwin",x86_64)).
236		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("arm64-darwin",aarch64)).
237		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("aarch64-linux",aarch64)).
238		:- assert_must_succeed(map_host_processor("nonsense-potatos",unknown)).
239
240		% --------------------------------------
241
242		cputime(T) :-
243		statistics(runtime,[T,_]).
244
245		walltime(WT) :-
246		statistics(walltime,[WT,_]).
247		% --------------------------------------
248
249
250		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_error/3, add_internal_error/2]).
251		print_message(Msg) :- print_message_with_max_depth(Msg,20).
252		print_message_with_max_depth(Msg,MaxDepth) :-
253		safe_on_exception(E,print_message2(Msg,MaxDepth),
254		add_error(tools,'Exception in print_message: ',E)). % added because sometimes in Windows/Vista we get an exception here
255		print_message2(Msg,MaxDepth) :-
256		(var(Msg) -> print_message(informational,'_')
257		; write(user_output,'% '),write_term(user_output,Msg,[max_depth(MaxDepth)]),nl(user_output) ).
258		print_short_msg(Msg) :-
259		write(user_output,Msg).
260
261		format_bt(Msg,P) :- format(Msg,P).
262		format_bt(Msg,P) :- print(' * BACKTRACK: '),format(Msg,P),
263		fail.
264
265		print_bt_message(Msg) :- print_message(Msg).
266		print_bt_message(Msg) :- print_message(backtrack(Msg)),
267		%(Msg = found_enumeration_of_constants(_,_) -> trace ; true),
268		fail.
269
270		% like print_bt_message but trace upon backtrack
271		print_bt_trace_message(Msg) :- print_message(Msg).
272		print_bt_trace_message(Msg) :- trace,
273		print_message(backtrack(Msg)),
274		fail.
275
276		% trace upon backtrack:
277		bt_trace(_) :- true.
278		bt_trace(PP) :- print(' * BACKTRACK: '), print(PP),nl, trace,fail.
279
280		print_wtime(PP) :- statistics(walltime,[WT,_]),
281		format('~w : ~w ms ~n', [PP,WT]).
282
283		% a print that will automatically stop after 25 prints and give the user the option to inspect the printed messages
284		:- dynamic prints_count/1.
285		prints_count(25).
286		prints(L) :- print_bt_message(L),
287		(retract(prints_count(X)) -> true ; X=25),
288		(X<1
289		-> print('*** Stopped printing >'),
290		read(RT),
291		(number(RT) -> X1=RT ; X1=25)
292		; X1 is X-1
293		), assertz(prints_count(X1)).
294
295		:- assert_pre(tools:exact_member(_Var,Vs),
296		(list_skeleton(Vs))).
297		:- assert_post(tools:exact_member(_Var,_Vs), true).
298		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member(V,[V])).
299		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member(V,[_X,_Z,V])).
300		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member(_W,[_X,_Z,_V])).
301		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member(_W,[])).
302
303		exact_member(X,[Y|T]) :-
304		(X==Y -> true ; exact_member(X,T)).
305
306
307		:- assert_pre(tools:exact_member_lookup(_Var,_ValRes,Vs,Vals),
308		(list_skeleton(Vs),list_skeleton(Vals))).
309		:- assert_post(tools:exact_member_lookup(_Var,_ValRes,_Vs,_Vals), true).
310		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member_lookup(V,2,[V],[2])).
311		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member_lookup(V,2,[_X,_Z,V],[1,3,2])).
312		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_lookup(V,3,[_X,_Z,V],[1,3,2])).
313		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_lookup(_W,3,[_X,_Z,_V],[1,3,2])).
314		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_lookup(_W,3,[],[1,3,2])).
315
316		exact_member_lookup(Var,ValRes,[V|TV],[Val|TVal]) :-
317		(Var==V -> ValRes=Val ; exact_member_lookup(Var,ValRes,TV,TVal)).
318
319
320		:- assert_pre(tools:exact_member_replace(_Var,_ValRes,Vs,Vals,_),
321		(list_skeleton(Vs),list_skeleton(Vals))).
322		:- assert_post(tools:exact_member_replace(_Var,_ValRes,_Vs,_Vals,NewVals),
323		list_skeleton(NewVals)).
324		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:exact_member_replace(V,44,[_X,_Z,V],[1,3,2],[1,3,44])).
325		:- assert_must_fail(tools:exact_member_replace(_V,44,[_X,_Z,_VV],[1,3,2],[1,3,44])).
326
327		exact_member_replace(Var,NewVal,[V|TV],[Val|TVal],[NV|TN]) :-
328		((Var==V) -> (NV=NewVal,TN=TVal)
329		; (NV=Val,exact_member_replace(Var,NewVal,TV,TVal,TN))).
330
331
332
333		remove([X|T],X,T).
334	?	remove([Y|T],X,[Y|DT]) :- \+(X=Y), remove(T,X,DT).
335
336		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([],[])).
337		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([[1,2,3]],[1,2,3])).
338		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([[1],[[99]],[2,3],[4,5]],[1,99,2,3,4,5])).
339		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:flatten([[]],[])).
340
341		flatten(List,FlatList) :- flatten1(List,[],FlatList).
342		flatten1([],L,L) :- !.
343		flatten1([H|T],Tail,List) :- !, flatten1(H,FlatList,List), flatten1(T,Tail,FlatList).
344		flatten1(NonList,Tail,[NonList|Tail]).
345
346
347		:- use_module(tools_lists,[count_occurences/2]).
348		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_lists:count_occurences([a,b,a,a,b],R),R == [a-3,b-2])).
349
350
351
352		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:filter(var,[1,2,X,3,Y],R,Out),R == [X,Y],Out == [1,2,3])).
353		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:filter(nonvar,[1,2,X,3,Y],R,Out),R == [1,2,3],Out == [X,Y])).
354
355		filter(_Pred,[],[],[]).
356		filter(Pred,[H|T],True,False) :-
357		(call(Pred,H) -> True = [H|TT], filter(Pred,T,TT,False)
358	?	; False = [H|FF], filter(Pred,T,True,FF)).
359
360		:- public is_a_comment/3. % used for testing filter
361		:- assert_must_succeed((tools: filter(tools:is_a_comment('/*','*/'),['This comment ','/* comment */','will be ignored!'],R,Out),
362		R==['/* comment */'],Out==['This comment ','will be ignored!'])).
363		% checking whether an atom is a comment /* ... */
364		is_a_comment(Begin,End,Comment) :-
365		maplist(atom_codes,[Begin,End,Comment],[BL,EL,CL]),
366		prefix(CL,BL),suffix(CL,EL).
367
368		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:remove_variables([X,Y,Z],[Y],R),R==[X,Z])).
369		remove_variables(List,Vars,Remaining) :-
370		exclude(exact_member_rev(Vars),List,Remaining).
371		% a version of exact member with reversed parameters - usefull with
372		% higher-order functions
373		exact_member_rev(List,Member) :- exact_member(Member,List).
374
375		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([],a,[a])).
376		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],a,[a,b,c,d])).
377		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],b,[a,b,c,d])).
378		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],d,[a,b,c,d])).
379		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:insert([a,b,c,d],x,[a,b,c,d,x])).
380		insert([],X,[X]).
381		insert([H|T],X,R) :- (H=X -> R=[H|T] ; R=[H|R2],insert(T,X,R2)).
382
383
384		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:list_intersection([a,b,c,d],[d,f,b],[b,d])).
385
386		list_intersection([],_L,[]).
387		list_intersection([H|T],L,Res) :-
388	?	(remove(L,H,NL) -> (Res=[H|RR]) ; (Res=RR,NL=L)),
389		list_intersection(T,NL,RR).
390
391		insert_new([],X,[X]).
392		insert_new([H|T],X,R) :- (H=X -> fail ; R=[H|R2],insert_new(T,X,R2)).
393
394		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:disjoint_list_union([a,b,c,d],[e,f,g],[e,f,g,a,b,c,d])).
395		:- assert_must_fail(tools:disjoint_list_union([a,b,c,d],[d,f,b],_)).
396		:- assert_must_fail(tools:disjoint_list_union([a,b,c,d],[d,f,b],[d,f,b,a,c])).
397		disjoint_list_union([],L,L).
398		disjoint_list_union([H|T],L,Res) :- insert_new(L,H,L2), disjoint_list_union(T,L2,Res).
399
400		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:lists_are_disjoint([a,b,c,d],[e,f,g])).
401		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:lists_are_disjoint([a,b,c,d],[])).
402		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:lists_are_disjoint([],[e,f,g])).
403		:- assert_must_fail(tools:lists_are_disjoint([a,b,c,d],[e,f,g,d])).
404		lists_are_disjoint([],_).
405		lists_are_disjoint([H|T],List2) :- \+ member(H,List2), lists_are_disjoint(T,List2).
406
407		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:list_difference([a,b,c,d],[b,f,d],[a,c])).
408
409		list_difference([],_L,[]).
410		list_difference([H|T],L,Res) :-
411		(remove(L,H,NL) -> (Res=RR) ; (Res=[H|RR],NL=L)),
412		list_difference(T,NL,RR).
413
414		:- use_module(tools_strings,[string_concatenate/3]).
415		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools_strings:string_concatenate('5','.10',R), R=='5.10' )).
416
417
418
419
420		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:is_upper_case_name('GOODS')).
421		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:is_upper_case_name('ZZAA')).
422		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_upper_case_name('capacity')).
423		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_upper_case_name('PARAs')).
424
425		:- use_module(tools_strings,[safe_name/2]).
426		is_upper_case_name(Name) :-
427		safe_name(Name,AsciiList),
428		upper_case_list(AsciiList).
429
430		upper_case_list([]).
431		upper_case_list([H|T]) :- 0'A =< H, H =< 0'Z, upper_case_list(T).
432
433
434		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/','/aaaa/bbb/cc','d.app')).
435		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/e','/aaaa/bbb/cc','d.app')).
436		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/ce/e','/aaaa/bbb','cc/d.app')).
437		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_common_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/e','/aaaa','bbb/cc/d.app')).
438		split_common_path(Path1,Path2,CommonPrefix,Suffix1) :-
439		split_atom_with_empty(Path1,['/','\\'],PC1),
440		split_atom_with_empty(Path2,['/','\\'],PC2),
441		split_com_aux(PC1,PC2,Com,Suff),
442		ajoin_with_sep(Com,'/',CommonPrefix),
443		ajoin_with_sep(Suff,'/',Suffix1).
444
445		split_com_aux([],_,[],Suffix) :- !, Suffix=[].
446		split_com_aux([H|T1],[H|T2],[H|CT],Suffix) :- !,
447		split_com_aux(T1,T2,CT,Suffix).
448		split_com_aux(P1,_,[],P1).
449
450
451		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/e.app','bbb/cc/d.app')).
452		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/e.app','cc/d.app')).
453		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/e.app','d.app')).
454		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/xx/e.app','../bbb/cc/d.app')).
455		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/e.app','../../bbb/cc/d.app')).
456		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/','../../bbb/cc/d.app')).
457		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('d.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/','d.app')).
458		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:gen_relative_path('d/e.app','/aaaa/xx/yy/','d/e.app')).
459		% can be used for already expanded full paths;
460		% the relative_to option absolute_file_name does not seem to work on already expanded full paths
461		gen_relative_path(Path,ReferencePath,RelPath) :-
462		split_atom_with_empty(Path,['/','\\'],PC1),
463		(PC1 = [File|_], File \= ''
464		-> % this is a relative path, not an absolute one; this is not the intended use of this predicate
465		RelPath = Path % but can happen, e.g., in error_manager
466		; split_atom_with_empty(ReferencePath,['/','\\'],PC2),
467		split_com_aux(PC1,PC2,_,Suff1),
468		split_com_aux(PC2,PC1,_,Suff2),
469		(Suff2=[_|D2] -> true ; D2=Suff2), % remove last entry
470		maplist(replace_by_dotdot,D2,DotDot), % replace directory names by ..
471		append(DotDot,Suff1,Rel1),
472		ajoin_with_sep(Rel1,'/',RelPath)
473		).
474
475		replace_by_dotdot(_,'..').
476
477		:- use_module(library(file_systems),[current_directory/1]).
478		gen_relative_path_to_cur_dir(Path,RelPath) :-
479		current_directory(CurDir),
480		gen_relative_path(Path,CurDir,RelPath).
481
482
483		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:is_absolute_path('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app')).
484		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_absolute_path('cc/d.app')).
485		:- assert_must_fail(tools:is_absolute_path('./cc/')).
486		is_absolute_path(Path) :-
487		atom_chars(Path,PathAscii),
488		PathAscii = ['/'|_]. % TO DO: add other rules for windows C: ...
489
490		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/')).
491		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','/aaaa/bbb/cc/')).
492		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('d.app','')).
493		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('/a/b/cc/(machine from Jupyter cell).mch','/a/b/cc/')).
494		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory('D:\\Users\\OneDrive - hhu\\[Master] PA\\models\\r\\RF.mch',
495		'D:\\Users\\OneDrive - hhu\\[Master] PA\\models\\r\\')).
496
497		get_parent_directory(Path,NewPath) :-
498		atom_chars(Path,PathAscii),
499		strip_last(PathAscii,[],[],New),
500		atom_chars(NewPath,New).
501
502		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_of_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/')).
503		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_of_directory('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','/aaaa/bbb/')).
504		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_of_directory('\\aaaa\\bb b\\cc\\','\\aaaa\\bb b\\')).
505		% just like get_parent_directory, except when last character is a slash
506		get_parent_directory_of_directory(Path,NewPath) :-
507		atom_chars(Path,PathAscii0),
508		(append(PathAscii,[Last],PathAscii0), is_path_slash(Last)
509		-> true ; PathAscii=PathAscii0),
510		strip_last(PathAscii,[],[],New),
511		atom_chars(NewPath,New).
512
513		is_path_slash('/').
514		is_path_slash('\\'). % Windows
515
516		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','cc')).
517		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','cc')).
518		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('\\aaaa\\bbb\\cc\\','cc')).
519		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('\\aaaa\\bbb b\\cc c\\','cc c')).
520		:- assert_must_fail(tools:get_parent_directory_name('d.app',_)).
521		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_parent_directory_name('/a/b/cd/(machine from Jupyter cell).mch','cd')).
522
523		get_parent_directory_name(Path,DirName) :-
524		atom_chars(Path,P1),
525		split_last2_lst(P1, ['/','\\'], [],[], P2, _),
526		split_last2_lst(P2, ['/','\\'], [],[], _, DChars),
527		atom_chars(DirName,DChars).
528
529		:- use_module(library(lists)).
530
531		% strip part after last path slash
532		strip_last([],ResSoFar,_,Res) :- reverse(ResSoFar,Res).
533		strip_last([Slash|Tail],ResSoFar,StripSoFar,Res) :- is_path_slash(Slash), !,
534		append([Slash|StripSoFar],ResSoFar,NewRes),
535		strip_last(Tail,NewRes,[],Res).
536		strip_last([A|Tail],ResSoFar,StripSoFar,Res) :-
537		strip_last(Tail,ResSoFar,[A|StripSoFar],Res).
538
539		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ef,g',[','],R), R==[ef,g])).
540		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ef, g',[',',' '],R), R==[ef,g])).
541		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ab,cd,ef,g',[','],R), R==['ab','cd',ef,g])).
542		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('ab,cd,ef;g',[',',';'],R), R==['ab','cd',ef,g])).
543		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom('/ef/g/',['/'],R), R==[ef,g])).
544
545		split_atom(Atom,SepList,SplitList) :-
546		atom_chars(Atom,ListAscii),
547		split2(ListAscii,SepList,SplitList).
548
549		split2([],_,R) :- !,R=[].
550		split2(List,Sep,Res) :- get_next_word(List,Sep,Word,Tail),!,
551		(Word=[]
552		-> split2(Tail,Sep,Res) % skip empty atom
553		; Res=[Atom|TA], atom_chars(Atom,Word),
554		split2(Tail,Sep,TA)).
555
556		get_next_word([],_Sep,[],[]).
557		get_next_word([H|T],Sep,Word,Tail) :-
558		member(H,Sep) -> Word=[],Tail=T
559		; Word=[H|TR], get_next_word(T,Sep,TR,Tail).
560
561
562		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('/ef/g/',['/'],R), R==['',ef,g,''])).
563		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('/ef/g',['/'],R), R==['',ef,g])).
564		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('ef/g',['/'],R), R==[ef,g])).
565		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_atom_with_empty('efg',['/'],R), R==[efg])).
566
567		% a version of split atom that also returns empty sub atoms
568		split_atom_with_empty(Atom,SepList,SplitList) :-
569		atom_chars(Atom,ListAscii),
570		split_wempty2(ListAscii,SepList,SplitList).
571
572		split_wempty2(List,Sep,Res) :-
573		get_next_match(List,Sep,Word,Tail),!,
574		Res=[Atom|TA], atom_chars(Atom,Word),
575		split_wempty2(Tail,Sep,TA).
576		split_wempty2(List,_,[Atom]) :- atom_chars(Atom,List).
577
578		get_next_match([H|T],Sep,Word,Tail) :-
579		member(H,Sep) -> Word=[],Tail=T
580		; Word=[H|TR], get_next_match(T,Sep,TR,Tail).
581
582
583		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_complex_sep("ef,,g,h",",,",R), R==["ef","g,h"])).
584		% a version of split that allows longer seperators, % TO DO: make more efficient
585		split_complex_sep(L,Sep,[First|Rest]) :- append(Sep,LRest,SepR),
586		append(First,SepR,L),
587		!,
588		split_complex_sep(LRest,Sep,Rest).
589		split_complex_sep(H,_,[H]).
590
591
592		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("ef,g",",",R), R==["ef","g"])).
593		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("10",".",R), R==["10"])).
594		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("",".",R), R==[""])).
595		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("1.0",".",R), R==["1","0"])).
596		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars("1.",".",R), R==["1",""])).
597		:- assert_must_succeed((tools:split_chars(".1",".",R), R==["","1"])).
598
599		split_chars(List,Sep,Res) :- get_next_word_until_sep(List,Sep,Word,Tail),!,
600		Res=[Word|TA],
601		split_chars(Tail,Sep,TA).
602		split_chars(List,_,[List]).
603
604		get_next_word_until_sep([H|T],Sep,Word,Tail) :-
605		member(H,Sep) -> Word=[],Tail=T
606		; Word=[H|TR], get_next_word_until_sep(T,Sep,TR,Tail).
607
608		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/','/aaaa/bbb/cc','d.app')).
609		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','.','/aaaa/bbb/cc/d','app')).
610		split_last(Atom, Sep, Head, Tail) :- \+ atom(Sep),!,
611		add_internal_error('Separator not an atom: ', split_last(Atom, Sep, Head, Tail)),fail.
612		split_last(Atom, Sep, Head, Tail) :- atom_chars(Sep,SepACodes),
613		split_last_lst(Atom,SepACodes,Head,Tail).
614
615
616		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last_lst('/aaaa/bbb;cc/d.app',['/',';'],'/aaaa/bbb;cc','d.app')).
617		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_last_lst('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app',['.'],'/aaaa/bbb/cc/d','app')).
618		% a list version of split_last: obtains a list of sperator chars
619		split_last_lst(Atom, Seps, Head, Tail) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
620		add_internal_error('First arg not an atom: ', split_last_lst(Atom, Seps, Head, Tail)),fail.
621		split_last_lst(Atom, Seps, Head, Tail) :-
622		atom_chars(Atom,ListAscii),
623		split_last2_lst(ListAscii,Seps,[],[],HeadA, TailA),
624		atom_chars(Head,HeadA), atom_chars(Tail,TailA).
625
626		split_last2_lst([],_,CurSplit,[_|Head],ResH,ResT) :-
627		reverse(CurSplit,ResT),
628		reverse(Head,ResH).
629	?	split_last2_lst([Sep|Tail],Seps,CurSplit,Head,ResH,ResT) :- member(Sep,Seps), % TO DO: use ord_member ?
630		!,
631		append([Sep|CurSplit],Head,NewHead),
632		split_last2_lst(Tail,Seps,[],NewHead,ResH,ResT).
633		split_last2_lst([H|Tail],Seps,CurSplit,Head,ResH,ResT) :-
634		split_last2_lst(Tail,Seps,[H|CurSplit],Head,ResH,ResT).
635
636
637
638		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:split_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','/aaaa/bbb/cc/d','app')).
639		:- assert_must_succeed((Z='/aaaa/bbb/cc/d',tools:split_filename(Z,R,X),X=='',R==Z)).
640
641		split_filename(Filename,Base,Ext) :-
642		(split_last(Filename,'.',Base,Ext) -> true ; Base=Filename,Ext='').
643
644
645		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','d.app')).
646		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('\\aaaa\\bbb\\c\\d.app','d.app')).
647		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('d.app','d.app')).
648		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_tail_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/','')).
649		get_tail_filename(Path,Tail) :- compound(Path),!,
650		add_internal_error('Not a filename: ',get_tail_filename(Path,Tail)),
651		Tail=Path.
652		get_tail_filename(Path,Tail) :- (split_last_lst(Path, ['/','\\'], _, T) -> Tail=T ; Tail=Path).
653
654		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_modulename_filename('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','d')).
655		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:get_modulename_filename('d.app','d')).
656		get_modulename_filename(Path,Module) :-
657		get_tail_filename(Path,Tail),
658		(split_last(Tail, '.', M, _) -> Module=M ; Module=Tail).
659
660
661		:- assert_must_succeed(get_filename_extension('/aaaa/bbb/cc/d.app','app')).
662		get_filename_extension(Path,Ext) :- split_filename(Path,_,Ext).
663
664		% also works if numbers passed (can happen by accident in test_runner ...)
665		% absolute_file_name('$a',X) generates a permission error
666		safe_absolute_file_name(F,AF,Options) :-
667		ensure_atom(F,A),
668		catch(
669		absolute_file_name(A,AF,Options),
670		error(permission_error(_,_,_),ERR),
671		(format('*** Permission Error for absolute_file_name: ~w~n',[ERR]),AF=F)).
672
673		safe_absolute_file_name(F,AF) :- safe_absolute_file_name(F,AF,[]).
674
675		% host_platform specific check if file names match
676		same_file_name(F,F) :- !.
677		same_file_name(File1,File2) :- host_file_name_case_insensitive,
678		atom_codes(File1,FC1),
679		atom_codes(File2,FC2),
680		maplist(case_insensitive_match,FC1,FC2).
681
682		case_insensitive_match(Code,Code) :- !.
683		case_insensitive_match(C1,C2) :-
684		simple_lowcase(C1,L1),
685		simple_lowcase(C2,L1).
686
687		% TODO: are there other changes to be made in Windows filenames?
688		simple_lowcase(H,R) :- H >="A", H=<"Z", !, R is H+"a"-"A".
689		simple_lowcase(92,R) :- !, R=47. % convert Windows path divider \ to Unix one /
690		simple_lowcase(Code,Code).
691
692		host_file_name_case_insensitive :-
693		host_platform(Platform),
694		host_file_name_case_insensitive(Platform).
695		host_file_name_case_insensitive(windows).
696		host_file_name_case_insensitive(darwin). % by default case insensitive, but up/lower case stored
697		% TODO: can we check if main filesystem is case sensitive??
698
699		%*******************************************************************************
700		% remove_all(A,B,Result): Result is the list of elements of A which do not occur in B
701		remove_all([],_,[]).
702		remove_all([H|T],Remove,Result) :-
703	?	(member(H,Remove) -> !,Result = Rest ; Result = [H|Rest]),
704		remove_all(T,Remove,Rest).
705
706
707
708		%*******************************************************************************
709		% get options from Prolog list passed as parameter
710
711
712		:- assert_must_succeed((get_option_from_list(b,2,[a/false,b/true],B),B==true)).
713		get_option_from_list(Option,Default, OptionList,Value) :-
714		(memberchk(Option/V,OptionList) -> Value=V ; Value=Default).
715
716
717		:- assert_must_succeed(get_options_from_list([option(a,true,false)],[a/false,b/true])).
718		:- assert_must_succeed((get_options_from_list([option(a,true,A)],[a/false,b/true]),A==false)).
719		:- assert_must_succeed((get_options_from_list([option(c,3,C),option(b,1,B),option(a,2,A)],[a/false,b/true]),
720		A==false,B==true,C==3)).
721
722		:- use_module(library(lists), [select/3]).
723
724		get_options_from_list([],_OptionList). % TO DO: provide optional check that no other options left
725		get_options_from_list([option(OptionName,Default,Value)|T],OptionList) :-
726		(select(OptionName/V,OptionList,Rest) -> Value=V
727		; Value=Default, Rest=OptionList),
728		get_options_from_list(T,Rest).
729
730
731		%*******************************************************************************
732		% get_options/4 for parsing command line arguments
733
734
735		get_options(List,Pred,Options,Rest) :-
736		get_options(List,Pred,Options,Rest,halt).
737		get_options([],_,[],[],_).
738		get_options([X|T],Recognised,Options,Args,HALTCMD) :-
739	?	( call(Recognised,X,Opt,Values,Action)
740		->
741		( append(Values, Rest, T) -> true
742		;
743		length(Values,Len),
744		length(T,TLen),
745		(TLen < Len
746		-> format('Command ~w expects ~w argument(s); ~w provided.~n',[X,Len,TLen])
747		; format('~nInvalid argument(s) for option: ~w.~n',[X]) % will never happen ??
748		),
749		HALTCMD),
750		( call(Action) -> true
751		;
752		format('~nInvalid argument(s) for option ~w : ~w.~n',[X,Values]),
753		HALTCMD),
754		RT = Rest,
755		Options = [Opt|OT], Args = AT
756		; % option not recognised, keep in Args list (for probcli these are assumed to be files)
757		Options = OT, Args = [X|AT],
758		RT = T
759		),
760		get_options(RT,Recognised,OT,AT,HALTCMD).
761
762		arg_is_number(Arg,Nr) :- number(Arg),!,Nr=Arg.
763		arg_is_number(Arg,Nr) :- atom(Arg),atom_codes(Arg,Str),safe_number_codes(Nr,Str),number(Nr).
764		arg_is_integer(Arg,Nr) :-
765		( append("-",SPos,Arg) -> % negative number
766		arg_is_number(SPos,Pos),
767		Nr is -Pos
768		;
769		arg_is_number(Arg,Nr)).
770
771		% utilities for command-line arguments
772		% allow Number, _, >Number, <Number
773		arg_is_number_or_wildcard('_',R) :- !, R=_.
774		%arg_is_number_or_wildcard('*',R) :- !, R=_. % * on command-line is expanded to files
775		arg_is_number_or_wildcard(Arg,R) :- arg_is_number(Arg,N),!,R=N.
776		arg_is_number_or_wildcard(Comparator,R) :- atom(Comparator), atom_codes(Comparator,AC),
777		comparator(AC,CompOp,NC), safe_number_codes(Nr,NC), R=comparison_operator(CompOp,Nr).
778		comparator([0'>|T],>,T). % Ascii code 62
779		comparator([0'<|T],<,T).
780		comparator([0'>,0'=|T],'>=',T).
781		comparator([0'=,0'<|T],'=<',T).
782
783
784		% TO DO: add comparator
785
786		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_warning/3]).
787		check_filename_arg(File,Command) :- tools:arg_is_number(File,_),!,
788		ajoin(['File argument to -',Command,' is a number: '],Msg),
789		add_warning(Command,Msg,File).
790		check_filename_arg(File,Command) :- atom(File),
791		sub_atom(File,0,1,_,'-'), % atom_concat('-',_,File),
792		!,
793		ajoin(['File argument to -',Command,' starts with a hypen: '],Msg),
794		add_warning(Command,Msg,File).
795		check_filename_arg(_,_).
796
797
798		:- assert_must_succeed( tools:convert_list_into_pairs([a],a)).
799		:- assert_must_succeed( (tools:convert_list_into_pairs([a,b,c],R), R = ((a,b),c) )).
800
801		convert_list_into_pairs([X|T],Res) :- !,conv2(T,X,Res).
802		convert_list_into_pairs([],Res) :- !, Res=[].
803		convert_list_into_pairs(X,R) :- add_internal_error('Not a list: ',convert_list_into_pairs(X,R)),R=X.
804		conv2([],X,X).
805		conv2([X|T],Acc,Res) :- conv2(T,(Acc,X),Res).
806
807		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:convert_pairs_into_list([x],a,R), R==[a] )).
808		%:- assert_must_succeed(( b_interpreter:convert_pairs_into_list([x,y,z],((a,b),c),R), R == [a,b,c] )).
809		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:convert_pairs_into_list([x,y,z],(a,(b,c)),R), R == [a,b,c] )).
810		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:convert_pairs_into_list([x,y,z],A,B),nonvar(A),nonvar(B),A=((_,_),_),B=[_,_,_] )).
811
812		% the first argument just indicates the length of the list
813		convert_pairs_into_list([_],X,R) :- !,R=[X].
814		convert_pairs_into_list([_|Guide],(A,B),[A|Rest]) :-
815		convert_pairs_into_list(Guide,B,Rest).
816
817
818
819
820		/* ex: substitute(1, [1,2,3,4], 5, X). */
821		:- assert_must_succeed(( tools:substitute(1, [1,2,3,4], 5, X), X==[5,2,3,4])).
822		substitute(X,L,Y,Res) :- sub(L,X,Y,Res).
823		sub([],_,_,[]).
824		sub([H|T],X,Y,[SH|ST]) :-
825		(H=X -> SH=Y ; SH=H),
826		sub(T,X,Y,ST).
827
828
829
830		:- use_module(tools_strings,[ajoin/2, ajoin_with_sep/3, ajoin_with_limit/3]).
831		% tests are stored here to avoid cyclic module dependencies
832		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_sep([link,a,xa],'.',Text), Text == 'link.a.xa')).
833		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_sep([link],'.',Text), Text == 'link')).
834		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_sep(['',a,''],'.',Text), Text == '.a.')).
835
836		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_limit(['A','B','C','D'],100,Text), Text == 'ABCD')).
837		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings: ajoin_with_limit(['A','B','C','D'],2,Text), Text == 'AB...')).
838
839
840		:- use_module(error_manager,[add_error_and_fail/3]).
841		safe_univ(Term,List) :- nonvar(Term),!,Term=..List.
842		safe_univ(Term,List) :- var(List), !,add_error_and_fail(tools,'Arguments to safe_univ (=..) both var:', safe_univ(Term,List)).
843		safe_univ(Term,List) :- %Term is a variable
844		current_prolog_flag(max_arity,MA),
845		(MA = unbounded -> CL = List ; cut_off_list(List,MA,CL)),
846		!, % avoid pending choice points
847		Term =.. CL.
848
849		cut_off_list([],_,[]).
850		cut_off_list([H|T],MA,R) :- (MA<2 -> R=['...'] ; R=[H|TR],MA1 is MA-1, cut_off_list(T,MA1,TR)).
851
852
853		% a version of safe_univ which does not remove args; just puts the extra arguments into the last arg
854
855		safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List) :- nonvar(Term),!,Term=..List.
856		safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List) :- var(List), !,
857		add_error_and_fail(tools,'Arguments to safe_univ (=..) both var:', safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List)).
858		safe_univ_no_cutoff(Term,List) :- %Term is a variable
859		current_prolog_flag(max_arity,MA),
860		(MA = unbounded -> CL = List ; squash_list(List,MA,CL)),
861		!, % avoid pending choice points
862		Term =.. CL.
863		squash_list([],_,[]).
864		squash_list([H|T],MA,R) :- (MA<3,T\=[] -> R=[H,T] ; R=[H|TR],MA1 is MA-1, squash_list(T,MA1,TR)).
865
866		safe_atom_chars(A,B,Loc) :-
867		catch(atom_chars(A,B), error(E1,E2), (
868		add_internal_error('atom_chars error: ',Loc:E1),
869		throw(error(E1,E2))
870		)).
871
872		:- use_module(tools_strings,[atom_codes_with_limit/2, atom_codes_with_limit/3]).
873
874		safe_atom_codes(V,C) :- var(V),var(C),!,
875		add_internal_error('Variables in call: ',safe_atom_codes(V,C)), C='$VARIABLE$'.
876		safe_atom_codes(A,C) :-
877		catch(atom_codes(A,C), error(representation_error(max_atom_length),_), (
878		print(exception(max_atom_length)),nl,
879		atom_codes_with_limit(A,1000,C)
880		)).
881
882		safe_number_codes(V,C) :- var(V),var(C),!,
883		add_internal_error('Variables in call: ',safe_number_codes(V,C)), C='$VARIABLE$'.
884		safe_number_codes(A,C) :-
885		catch(number_codes(A,C), error(syntax_error(_N),_), (
886		%print(9,syntax_error_in_number_codes(_N)),nl,
887		% in this case safe_number_codes fails ; we cannot convert the codes into a number
888		fail
889		)).
890
891		% for an identifier "x" and a number N, create a new identifier "x$N"
892		number_suffix(Id,N,FullId) :-
893		safe_atom_chars(Id,IdChars,number_suffix1),number_chars(N,NChars),
894		append(IdChars,['$'|NChars],FullIdChars),
895		safe_atom_chars(FullId,FullIdChars,number_suffix2).
896
897
898		:- assert_must_succeed(ensure_atom(19,'19')).
899		% ensure that numbers get converted to atoms:
900		ensure_atom(Var,A) :- var(Var),!, A='_'.
901		ensure_atom(N,Res) :- number(N),!,number_codes(N,C), atom_codes(A,C), Res=A.
902		ensure_atom(A,A).
903
904
905		:- assert_must_succeed(atom_or_number_codes(19,"19")).
906		:- assert_must_succeed(atom_or_number_codes(aa,"aa")).
907		atom_or_number_codes(N,Res) :- number(N),!,number_codes(N,Res).
908		atom_or_number_codes(A,Res) :- atom(A),!,atom_codes(A,Res).
909		atom_or_number_codes(Other,Res) :-
910		add_internal_error('Not atom or number: ',atom_or_number_codes(Other,Res)),
911		Res = [].
912
913
914		:- use_module(tools_strings,[truncate_atom/3]).
915		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings:truncate_atom(abcd,100,Text), Text == 'abcd')).
916		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings:truncate_atom(abcd,2,Text), Text == 'ab...')).
917		:- assert_must_succeed((tools_strings:truncate_atom(abcd,0,Text), Text == '...')).
918
919
920		wrap_and_truncate_atom(Atom,LineLength,Limit,NewAtom) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
921		add_internal_error('Argument to wrap_and_truncate_atom not atom: ',wrap_and_truncate_atom(Atom,LineLength,Limit,NewAtom)),
922		NewAtom=Atom.
923		wrap_and_truncate_atom(Atom,LineLength,Limit,NewAtom) :-
924		atom_codes(Atom,Codes),
925		wrap_and_truncate_codes(Codes,LineLength,LineLength,Limit,NewCodes,Chng),
926		(Chng=true -> atom_codes(NewAtom,NewCodes) ; NewAtom=Atom).
927
928		wrap_and_truncate_codes([],_,_,_,[],false).
929		wrap_and_truncate_codes([H|T],CharsOnLineCount,MaxLineLength,TotCount,Res,Chng) :-
930		(TotCount<1 -> Res = [46,46,46],Chng=true /* '...' */
931		; (CharsOnLineCount<1 -> Res=[92,110,H|TT], /* add newline \n */
932		TR=T, L1 is MaxLineLength, Chng=true
933		; H=92,T=[H2|T2] -> Res = [H,H2|TT], /* do not split escaped char */
934		TR=T2, L1 is CharsOnLineCount-1, Chng2=Chng
935		; Res = [H|TT], TR=T, L1 is CharsOnLineCount-1, Chng2=Chng),
936		TC1 is TotCount-1, wrap_and_truncate_codes(TR,L1,MaxLineLength,TC1,TT,Chng2)
937		).
938
939
940		% print_size_of_table counts the number of succeeded calls of the
941		% given predicate
942		get_calls_for_table(Module:P/N,Call) :- !,
943		functor(Call,P,N),
944		call(Module:Call).
945		get_calls_for_table(P/N,Call) :-
946		functor(Call,P,N),
947		call(Call).
948
949		:- volatile count/1.
950		:- dynamic count/1.
951		print_size_of_table(Pred) :- retractall(count(_)),
952		assertz(count(0)),
953		get_calls_for_table(Pred,_),inc_size_of_table,fail.
954		print_size_of_table(Pred) :-
955		print('% size of table for '), print(Pred), print(': '), count(X), print(X),nl.
956		inc_size_of_table :- retract(count(X)),X1 is X+1, assertz(count(X1)).
957
958
959		% ----------------- Sorting ---------------
960
961		safe_sort(Orig,A,B) :- var(A),!, add_internal_error('Illegal call: ',safe_sort(Orig,A,B)),A=B.
962		safe_sort(_,A,B) :- sort(A,B).
963
964		:- use_module(library(samsort)).
965		% a sorting function which checks that there were no multiples in the original list
966		safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res) :- var(S),!, add_internal_error('Illegal call: ',safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res)),S=Res.
967		%safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res) :- !,sort(S,Res).
968		safe_set_sort(Orig,S,Res) :- samsort(S,SS),
969		(SS=[H|T] -> (check_for_multiples(T,H,Orig) -> Res=SS ; sort(SS,Res)) ; Res=SS).
970		check_for_multiples([],_,_).
971		check_for_multiples([H|T],Prev,Origin) :-
972		(H=Prev
973		-> add_error(Origin,'Multiple occurrences in set list of: ',H),fail
974		; check_for_multiples(T,H,Origin)).
975
976		% ----------------------
977
978		safe_functor(Src,F,A,Term) :- var(F),var(A),var(Term),!,
979		add_internal_error('Illegal functor call: ',safe_functor(Src,F,A,Term)),
980		fail.
981		safe_functor(_,F,A,T) :- functor(F,A,T).
982
983
984		print_runtime :- statistics(runtime,[Tot,SinceLast]), print(' Total runtime: '), print(Tot),
985		print(' ms, since last: '), print(SinceLast), print(' ms'),nl.
986
987		:- use_module(debug,[debug_mode/1]).
988		start_ms_timer(timer(R,T,W)) :- statistics(runtime,[R,_]),
989		statistics(total_runtime,[T,_]),
990		statistics(walltime,[W,_]).
991		stop_ms_timer(T) :- stop_ms_timer(T,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/RTT,walltime/WT]),
992		format('% Runtime: ~w ms (with gc: ~w ms, walltime: ~w ms)~n',[RT,RTT,WT]).
993		stop_ms_timer_with_debug_msg(T,Msg) :-
994		(debug_mode(on) -> stop_ms_timer_with_msg(T,Msg) ; true).
995		stop_ms_timer_with_msg(T,Msg) :- stop_ms_timer(T,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/RTT,walltime/WT]),
996		statistics(walltime,[WE,_]),
997		convert_ms_time_to_string(WE,WEStr),
998		format('% Runtime for ~w: ~w ms (with gc: ~w ms, walltime: ~w ms); since start: ~w~n',[Msg,RT,RTT,WT,WEStr]).
999		stop_ms_walltimer_with_msg(T,Msg) :- stop_ms_timer(T,[runtime/_RT,total_runtime/_RTT,walltime/WT]),
1000		format('% Walltime for ~w: ~w ms~n',[Msg,WT]).
1001		stop_ms_timer(timer(R,T,W),[runtime/RT,total_runtime/RTT,walltime/WT]) :-!,
1002		statistics(runtime,[RE,_]),
1003		% These refer to CPU time used while executing, excluding time spent in memory management tasks or or in system calls.
1004		statistics(total_runtime,[TE,_]),
1005		% These refer to total CPU time used while executing, including memory management tasks such as garbage collection but excluding system calls.
1006		statistics(walltime,[WE,_]),
1007		% These refer to absolute time elapsed.
1008		RT is RE-R, RTT is TE-T, WT is WE-W.
1009		stop_ms_timer(X,Y) :-
1010		add_internal_error('Illegal call: ', stop_ms_timer(X,Y)),
1011		Y = [].
1012		get_elapsed_walltime(timer(_R,_T,W),WTot) :-
1013		statistics(walltime,[W2,_]), WTot is W2-W.
1014
1015		% convert ms time to a user readable time string
1016		convert_ms_time_to_string(TimeMS,Str) :-
1017		convert_ms_time_to_hms(TimeMS,H,M,S,MS),
1018		(H > 0 -> ajoin([H,' h ', M, ' min ', S, ' sec ', MS, ' ms'],Str)
1019		; M > 0 -> ajoin([M, ' min ', S, ' sec ', MS, ' ms'],Str)
1020		; ajoin([S, ' sec ', MS, ' ms'],Str)).
1021
1022		convert_ms_time_to_hms(TimeMS,Hours,MinsMod,SecsMod,MilSecs) :-
1023		MilSecs is TimeMS mod 1000,
1024		Secs is TimeMS // 1000, SecsMod is Secs mod 60,
1025		Mins is Secs // 60, MinsMod is Mins mod 60,
1026		Hours is Mins // 60.
1027
1028		% get delta timer between old timer1 and current time
1029		get_elapsed_timer(timer(R1,T1,W1),timer(R,T,W)) :-
1030		statistics(runtime,[R2,_]),
1031		statistics(total_runtime,[T2,_]),
1032		statistics(walltime,[W2,_]),
1033		R is R2-R1, T is T2-T1, W is W2-W1.
1034		get_elapsed_runtime(timer(R1,_,_),Delta) :-
1035		statistics(runtime,[R2,_]),
1036		Delta is R2-R1.
1037
1038		% combine (add) two timers
1039		combiner_timer(0,T2,R) :- !, R=T2.
1040		combiner_timer(timer(R1,T1,W1),timer(R2,T2,W2),timer(R,T,W)) :-
1041		R is R1+R2, T is T1+T2, W is W1+W2.
1042
1043		% a timer that measures backtracking times
1044		:- dynamic last_bt_timer/2.
1045		bt_start_ms_timer(Msg) :- retractall(last_bt_timer(Msg,_)),
1046		start_ms_timer(T), assertz(last_bt_timer(Msg,T)).
1047		bt_start_ms_timer(Msg) :- retract(last_bt_timer(Msg,Timer)),
1048		stop_ms_timer(Timer,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/_RTT,walltime/WT]),
1049		format('% Runtime to FINALISE ~w: ~w ms (walltime: ~w ms)~n',[Msg,RT,WT]),
1050		fail.
1051
1052
1053		bt_stop_ms_timer(Msg) :-
1054		retract(last_bt_timer(Msg,Last)),
1055		stop_ms_timer(Last,[runtime/RT,total_runtime/_RTT,walltime/WT]),
1056		format('% Runtime for SOLUTION for ~w: ~w ms (walltime: ~w ms)~n',[Msg,RT,WT]).
1057		bt_stop_ms_timer(Msg) :- start_ms_timer(BT_Timer),
1058		assertz(last_bt_timer(Msg,BT_Timer)),
1059		fail.
1060		% ---------------------------
1061
1062
1063		retract_with_statistics(Module,ListOfFacts) :-
1064		nl,print('Retracting Facts'),nl,
1065		get_memory_used(M),
1066		print(' Memory usage: '),print_memory_used(M),nl,
1067		retract_with_statistics(Module,ListOfFacts,M).
1068
1069
1070		retract_with_statistics(_Module,[],_) :- nl.
1071		retract_with_statistics(Module,[Fact|T],Mem) :-
1072		format('~w : ',[Fact]),
1073		%retractall(Module:Fact),
1074		retract_all_count(Module:Fact,0,Nr), format(' ~w facts : ',[Nr]),
1075		get_memory_used(NewMem),
1076		print_memory_used(NewMem),
1077		print_memory_used_difference(Mem,NewMem),
1078		retract_with_statistics(Module,T,NewMem).
1079
1080		retract_all_count(Fact,Acc,Res) :- \+ (\+ (retract(Fact))),!, A1 is Acc+1, retract_all_count(Fact,A1,Res).
1081		retract_all_count(_,R,R).
1082
1083		:- if(current_prolog_flag(dialect, swi)).
1084		% this could possibly be moved to SWI compatibility code
1085		statistics_memory_used(M) :-
1086		statistics(stack,GL), statistics(trail,T), statistics(heapused,H), M is GL+T+H.
1087		% not sure this computes all of memory used; other keys: globalused, localused, codes
1088		:- else.
1089		statistics_memory_used(M) :- statistics(memory_used,M).
1090		:- endif.
1091
1092		get_memory_used([M,PU]) :- garbage_collect,garbage_collect_atoms, get_memory_used_wo_gc([M,PU]).
1093		get_memory_used_wo_gc([M,PU]) :- statistics(program,[PU,_]),statistics_memory_used(M).
1094		print_memory_used_wo_gc :- print_memory_used_wo_gc(user_output).
1095		print_memory_used_wo_gc(Stream) :- get_memory_used_wo_gc(M), print_memory_used(Stream,M).
1096
1097		print_memory_used(M) :- print_memory_used(user_output,M).
1098		print_memory_used(Stream,[M,PU]) :- print_mb(Stream,M),
1099		write(Stream,' ('), print_mb(Stream,PU), write(Stream,' program) ').
1100
1101		print_memory_used_difference([M1,_PU1],[NewM2,_PU2]) :- Diff is (M1)-(NewM2),
1102		(Diff >= 0 -> print(' freed: '), print_bytes(Diff)
1103		; print(' allocated: '), D2 is -(Diff), print_bytes(D2)),nl.
1104		%print(' / '),Diff2 is (PU1)-(PU2), print_mb(Diff2).
1105		print_bytes(X) :- (X<50000 -> print_kb(X) ; print_mb(X)).
1106		print_gb(X) :- XGB is X / 1000000000, % used instead of deprecated 1048576
1107		format(' ~3f GB',[XGB]).
1108		print_mb(X) :- print_mb(user_output,X).
1109		print_mb(Stream,X) :- XMB is X / 1000000, % used instead of deprecated 1048576
1110		format(Stream,' ~3f MB',[XMB]).
1111		print_kb(X) :- XKB is X / 1000, % used instead of deprecated 1024
1112		format(' ~3f KB',[XKB]).
1113
1114		space_call(Call) :- get_memory_used(M1),
1115		call(Call),
1116		get_memory_used(M2),
1117		print_memory_used(M2),
1118		print_memory_used_difference(M1,M2).
1119
1120		% ---------------------------
1121
1122		:- use_module(library(fastrw),[fast_read/2]).
1123
1124		read_term_from_file(Filename,Term) :-
1125		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1126		open(AbsFilename,read,Stream),
1127		peek_code(Stream,Code),
1128		read_term_from_file2(Code,Stream,AbsFilename,Term).
1129
1130		read_term_from_file2(Code,Stream,File,Term) :-
1131		fastrw_start_code(Code), !,
1132		close(Stream),
1133		open(File,read,NewStream,[type(binary)]),
1134		fast_read(NewStream,Term),
1135		close(NewStream).
1136		read_term_from_file2(_,Stream,_,Term) :-
1137		read_term(Stream,Term,[]),
1138		close(Stream).
1139
1140		fastrw_start_code(0'D). % like for .prob in parsercall
1141
1142
1143		read_string_from_file(Filename,String) :-
1144		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1145		open(AbsFilename,read,S), % utf
1146		read_string(S,String),
1147		close(S).
1148
1149		% Encoding can be any value of text_encoding preference category: auto, 'ISO-8859-1', 'UTF-8', ...
1150		read_string_from_file(Filename,auto,String) :- !, read_string_from_file(Filename,String).
1151		read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String) :-
1152		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1153		open(AbsFilename,read,S,[encoding(Encoding)]),
1154		read_string(S,String),
1155		close(S).
1156
1157		read_string(S,String) :-
1158		get_code(S,C),!,
1159		(C= -1
1160		-> String = []
1161		; String = [C|Rest], read_string(S,Rest)).
1162
1163		read_atom_from_file(Filename,Encoding,Atom) :-
1164		read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String),
1165		atom_codes(Atom,String).
1166
1167		% version which catches exceptions
1168		safe_read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String) :-
1169		catch(read_string_from_file(Filename,Encoding,String), E, (
1170		ajoin(['Could not read string from file ',Filename,':'],Msg),
1171		add_error(read_string_from_file,Msg,E),
1172		fail
1173		)).
1174
1175		:- use_module(debug,[debug_format/3]).
1176		% open a file using auto and try and read XML header
1177		% <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
1178		% useful to first open file and detect encoding and then re-open file using the found encoding
1179		detect_xml_encoding(Filename,Version,Encoding) :-
1180		absolute_file_name(Filename,AbsFilename,[]),
1181		open(AbsFilename,read,Stream),
1182		call_cleanup(
1183		(
1184		match(" <?xml_version = \"",Stream),
1185		read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,Version),
1186		debug_format(19,'XML version ~s detected~n',[Version]),
1187		(match(" encoding = \"",Stream)
1188		-> read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,EncodingCodes),
1189		debug_format(19,'XML encoding ~s detected~n',[EncodingCodes]),
1190		(EncodingCodes = "windows 1252" -> UEnc=Encoding % only encoding using lower case
1191		; maplist(simple_upcase,EncodingCodes,UEnc) % convert utf-8 to UTF-8;
1192		),
1193		atom_codes(Encoding,UEnc)
1194		; debug_format(19,'No XML encoding detected in header, using auto ~w~n',[Filename]),
1195		Encoding = auto
1196		)
1197		),
1198		close(Stream)).
1199
1200
1201		simple_upcase(H,R) :- H >="a", H=<"z", !, R is H+"A"-"a".
1202		simple_upcase(H,H).
1203
1204		% simple read contents of a string until end quote; no escaping detected (yet)
1205		read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,String) :-
1206		get_code(Stream,C),!,
1207		(C= -1
1208		-> String = []
1209		; C = 34 -> String = [] % string finished
1210		; String=[C|Rest],read_quoted_xml_string_contents(Stream,Rest)).
1211
1212		match([],_).
1213		match([H|T],Stream) :- !, get_code(Stream,C),
1214		match2(H,T,C,Stream).
1215
1216		match2(32,T,C,Stream) :- !, % treat a space character as optional whitespace
1217		(is_ws(C) -> match([32|T],Stream)
1218		; T = [H1|T1],
1219		match2(H1,T1,C,Stream)
1220		).
1221		match2(95,T,C,Stream) :- !, % treat underscore as mandatory whitespace
1222		(is_ws(C) -> match([32|T],Stream)
1223		; debug_format(19,'Not a valid xml header ("~s" instead of whitespace)~n',[[C]]),fail
1224		).
1225		match2(H,T,C,Stream) :-
1226		(C=H -> match(T,Stream)
1227		; format('Not a valid xml header ("~s" instead of "~s")~n',[[C],[H]]),fail
1228		).
1229
1230		is_ws(32).
1231		is_ws(9). % tab
1232		is_ws(10).
1233		is_ws(13).
1234
1235		%! open_temp_file(+BaseName, -Path, -Stream, +Options) is det.
1236		%
1237		% Compatible way to create and open a temporary file.
1238		%
1239		% ReqName will be used as the file name if possible,
1240		% but the actual file name may be different
1241		% (e. g. it may have a unique suffix added).
1242		% Path is the temporary file's full path,
1243		% which is automatically opened for writing as Stream.
1244		% Supported Options are type(binary) and encoding(Encoding).
1245		% see also tmpdir preference, default /tmp/ on Unix
1246
1247		:- if(predicate_property(tmp_file_stream(_,_,_), _)). % SWI
1248
1249		:- use_module(library(lists), [select/4]).
1250		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, Options) :-
1251		select(type(binary), Options, encoding(octet), OptionsMod),
1252		!,
1253		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, OptionsMod).
1254		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, Options) :-
1255		% tmp_file_stream only allows controlling the extension, not the name before it.
1256		get_filename_extension(ReqName, Extension),
1257		tmp_file_stream(Path, Stream, [extension(Extension)|Options]).
1258
1259		:- else. % SICStus
1260
1261		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, Options) :-
1262		open(temp(ReqName), write, Stream, [if_exists(generate_unique_name)|Options]),
1263		stream_property(Stream, file_name(Path)).
1264
1265		:- endif.
1266
1267		open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream) :- open_temp_file(ReqName, Path, Stream, []).
1268
1269		% ------------------------------
1270
1271		% encoding atoms for Latex:
1272
1273		latex_escape_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
1274		add_internal_error('Cannot escape: ',latex_escape_atom(Atom,EscAtom)),
1275		EscAtom=Atom.
1276		latex_escape_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :-
1277		atom_codes(Atom,Codes), latex_escape_codes(Codes,ECodes), atom_codes(EscAtom,ECodes).
1278
1279		latex_escape_codes([],[]).
1280		%latex_escape_codes([92,C|T],[92,C|ET]) :- !, % already escaped
1281		% latex_escape_codes(T,ET).
1282		latex_escape_codes([C|T],[92,C|ET]) :- latex_escape_code(C),!, % 95 = _ underscore, 92 = \ backslash
1283		latex_escape_codes(T,ET).
1284		latex_escape_codes([Code|T],ET) :- translate_code(Code,String),
1285		!,
1286		append(String,ET2,ET),
1287		latex_escape_codes(T,ET2).
1288		latex_escape_codes([H|T],[H|ET]) :- latex_escape_codes(T,ET).
1289
1290		latex_escape_code(35). % #
1291		latex_escape_code(36). % $
1292		latex_escape_code(37). % %
1293		latex_escape_code(38). % &
1294		latex_escape_code(95). % 95 = _ underscore
1295		latex_escape_code(123). % {
1296		latex_escape_code(125). % }
1297
1298		translate_code(92,"\\textbackslash{}"). % \ % \textbackslash seems to work in both math and normal mode
1299		translate_code(94,"\\textasciicircum{}"). % ^
1300		translate_code(126,"\\textasciitilde{}"). % ~
1301		%translate_code(126,"\\~{}"). % 126 = ~ tilde -> \~{} (\sim would be alternative in math mode)
1302
1303		% ------------------------------
1304
1305		% encoding atoms for B Strings:
1306		% escape special characters so that we can output the string between quotes "..." and obtain a valid value
1307
1308		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:b_escape_string_atom('{"a"}','{\\"a\\"}')).
1309		:- assert_must_succeed(tools:b_escape_string_atom('{"a \\/ b"}','{\\"a \\/ b\\"}')).
1310
1311		b_escape_string_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :- \+ atom(Atom),!,
1312		add_internal_error('Cannot escape: ',b_escape_string_atom(Atom,EscAtom)),
1313		EscAtom=Atom.
1314		b_escape_string_atom(Atom,EscAtom) :-
1315		atom_codes(Atom,Codes), b_string_escape_codes(Codes,ECodes), atom_codes(EscAtom,ECodes).
1316
1317		b_string_escape_codes([],R) :- !, R=[].
1318		b_string_escape_codes([C|T],Res) :-
1319		(C=92, T=[C2|_], % 92 = \ backslash
1320		\+ valid_backslash_escape(C2) % we do not need to escape the \ in \x for example, but we need to escape in \n
1321		-> Res = [92|ET]
1322		; b_escape_code(C,EC) -> Res = [92,EC|ET]
1323		; Res = [C|ET]
1324		),
1325		b_string_escape_codes(T,ET).
1326
1327		b_escape_code(9,116). % tab, 116 = t
1328		b_escape_code(10,110). % newline, 110 = n
1329		b_escape_code(13,114). % return 114 = r
1330		b_escape_code(34,34). % "
1331		%b_escape_code(39,39). % ' % not necessary for "..." literals
1332		b_escape_code(92,92). % \
1333
1334		% these are the escape codes the parser / ProB currently supports:
1335		valid_backslash_escape(34). % "
1336		valid_backslash_escape(39). % '
1337		valid_backslash_escape(92). % \
1338		valid_backslash_escape(110). %n
1339		valid_backslash_escape(114). %r
1340		valid_backslash_escape(116). %t
1341
1342		% ------------------------------
1343
1344
1345		%%
1346		% Escape is needed for &, \/, /\, ", ', etc.
1347		% used mainly for dot output
1348		% It seems dotty does not understand escapes, neither C style nor HTML style.
1349		% Dot does render '&' correctly, no matter of escape.
1350		%
1351
1352		print_escaped(Atom) :- string_escape(Atom,E), write(E).
1353
1354		:- use_module(library(lists), [
1355		maplist/3,
1356		scanlist/4]).
1357
1358		string_escape(Atom, EscapedAtom):-
1359		string_escape(dot_string_escape_map, Atom, EscapedAtom).
1360
1361
1362		string_escape(_,Number, EscapedAtom):-
1363		number(Number),!, number_chars(Number,C), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,C). % to detect when label=value
1364		string_escape(Map, Atom, EscapedAtom):-
1365		atom(Atom),
1366		atom_chars(Atom, Chars),
1367		maplist(Map, Chars, EscapedChars),
1368		scanlist(x_atom_concat_rev, EscapedChars, '', EscapedAtom),!.
1369		string_escape(Map,Term, EscapedTerm):-
1370		Term =.. [Fkt|Args],
1371		string_escape(Map, Fkt, EscapedFkt),
1372		maplist(string_escape(Map), Args, EscapedArgs),!,
1373		EscapedTerm =.. [EscapedFkt|EscapedArgs].
1374		string_escape(_,X,X).
1375
1376
1377		x_atom_concat_rev(A,B,BA):-
1378		atom_concat(B,A,BA).
1379
1380
1381		% simple escape, just ensuring no syntax errors and not disturbing records already constructed as B string,...
1382		% however, not that fields of records are already escaped
1383		simple_dot_string_escape(Number, EscapedAtom) :- number(Number),!,
1384		number_chars(Number,C), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,C).
1385		simple_dot_string_escape(Atom, EscapedAtom) :- atom(Atom),!,
1386		atom_chars(Atom,Chars),
1387		simple_dot_esc( Chars, EC), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,EC).
1388		simple_dot_string_escape(Atom,Res) :-
1389		add_internal_error('Not atomic: ',simple_dot_string_escape(Atom,Res)),
1390		Res=Atom.
1391
1392		simple_dot_esc([],[]).
1393		simple_dot_esc(['\\','"' | T],['\\','"' |TR]) :- !, % already escaped
1394		simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1395		simple_dot_esc(['\\','\\' | T],['\\','\\' |TR]) :- !, % already escaped
1396		simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1397		simple_dot_esc(['"' | T],['\\','"' |TR]) :- !,
1398		simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1399		simple_dot_esc([H | T],[H|TR]) :-simple_dot_esc(T,TR).
1400
1401
1402		% ----------------
1403
1404
1405		% escape for XML attribute values for use in double quotes
1406		%https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19766669/which-characters-are-permitted-in-xml-attributes
1407		% AttValue ::= '"' ([^<&"] | Reference)* '"'
1408		% | "'" ([^<&'] | Reference)* "'"
1409
1410		xml_attribute_escape(Codes,EscapedCodes) :- xml_attr_escape(Codes,EscapedCodes,[]).
1411		xml_attr_escape([]) --> "".
1412		xml_attr_escape([0'&|T]) --> !, "&", xml_attr_escape(T).
1413		xml_attr_escape([0'<|T]) --> !, "<", xml_attr_escape(T).
1414		xml_attr_escape([0'>|T]) --> !, ">", xml_attr_escape(T). % strictly speaking not necessary for attribute values
1415		xml_attr_escape([10|T]) --> !, " ", xml_attr_escape(T). % newline
1416		xml_attr_escape([9|T]) --> !, " ", xml_attr_escape(T). % tab
1417		xml_attr_escape([0'"|T]) --> !, """, xml_attr_escape(T).
1418		xml_attr_escape([H|T]) --> [H], xml_attr_escape(T).
1419
1420		% ----------------
1421
1422		html_escape(Number, EscapedAtom) :-
1423		number(Number),!, number_chars(Number,C), atom_chars(EscapedAtom,C). % to detect when label=value
1424		html_escape(Atom, EscapedAtom) :-
1425		atom_codes(Atom,Codes),
1426		html_escape_codes(Codes,ECodes),
1427		atom_codes(EscapedAtom,ECodes).
1428		% atom_chars(Atom, Chars),
1429		% maplist(html_string_escape_map, Chars, EscapedChars),!,
1430		% scanlist(x_atom_concat_rev, EscapedChars, '', EscapedAtom). % very inefficient for large atoms
1431
1432
1433		html_escape_codes([],[]).
1434		html_escape_codes([H|T],Res) :-
1435		\+ no_escape_necessary(H), % avoid calling atom_codes
1436		atom_codes(Atom,[H]),
1437		html_string_escape_map(Atom,NewAtom), % TODO: rewrite html_escape map to work with codes
1438		!,
1439		atom_codes(NewAtom,NewCodes),
1440		append(NewCodes,TR,Res),
1441		html_escape_codes(T,TR).
1442		html_escape_codes([H|T],[H|TR]) :-
1443		html_escape_codes(T,TR).
1444
1445		no_escape_necessary(32).
1446		no_escape_necessary(40). % (
1447		no_escape_necessary(41). % )
1448		no_escape_necessary(44). % ,
1449		no_escape_necessary(45). % -
1450		no_escape_necessary(46). % .
1451		no_escape_necessary(61). % =
1452		no_escape_necessary(95).
1453		no_escape_necessary(X) :- (X>=97,X=<122) ; (X>=65, X=<90) ; (X>=48, X=<57). % alphadigit
1454
1455		dot_string_escape_map('\n', '\\n').
1456		dot_string_escape_map('\\', '\\\\').
1457		dot_string_escape_map('"', '\\"').
1458		dot_string_escape_map('\'', '\\\'').
1459		dot_string_escape_map('{', '\\{'). % important if used inside dot records
1460		dot_string_escape_map('}', '\\}'). % important if used inside dot records
1461		dot_string_escape_map('|', '\\|'). % important if used inside dot records
1462		dot_string_escape_map('>', '\\>'). % important if used inside dot records
1463		dot_string_escape_map('<', '\\<'). % important if used inside dot records
1464		dot_string_escape_map(A,B) :- x_string_escape_map(A,B).
1465
1466		html_string_escape_map('&', '&') :- !. % michael: habe diese 3 Zeilen auskommentiert
1467		html_string_escape_map('<', '<') :- !.
1468		html_string_escape_map('>', '>') :- !.
1469		html_string_escape_map('"', '"') :- !.
1470		html_string_escape_map(A,B) :- x_string_escape_map(A,B),!.
1471
1472
1473		% this is the SICSTus encoding for Unicode either \octal_number\ or \xHexNumber\
1474		% See Section 4.1.7.6 Escape Sequences in SICStus Manual (page 60)
1475		x_string_escape_map('\344\', 'ä'). % a mit Umlaut
1476		x_string_escape_map('\366\', 'ö'). % o mit Umlaut
1477		x_string_escape_map('\374\', 'ü'). % u mit Umlaut
1478		x_string_escape_map('\304\', 'Ä'). % A mit Umlaut
1479		x_string_escape_map('\326\', 'Ö'). % O mit Umlaut
1480		x_string_escape_map('\334\', 'Ü'). % U mit Umlaut
1481
1482		x_string_escape_map('\353\', 'ë'). % e mit Umlaut
1483		x_string_escape_map('\313\', 'Ë'). % E mit Umlaut
1484
1485		x_string_escape_map('\350\', 'è'). % e mit Accent
1486		x_string_escape_map('\351\', 'é').
1487		x_string_escape_map('\352\', 'ê').
1488		x_string_escape_map('\310\', 'È'). % E mit Accent
1489		x_string_escape_map('\311\', 'É').
1490		x_string_escape_map('\312\', 'Ê').
1491
1492		x_string_escape_map('\340\', 'à'). % a mit Accent
1493		x_string_escape_map('\341\', 'á').
1494		x_string_escape_map('\342\', 'â').
1495		x_string_escape_map('\300\', 'À'). % A mit Accent
1496		x_string_escape_map('\301\', 'Á').
1497		x_string_escape_map('\302\', 'Â').
1498
1499		x_string_escape_map('\354\', 'ì'). % i mit Accent
1500		x_string_escape_map('\355\', 'í').
1501		x_string_escape_map('\356\', 'î').
1502		x_string_escape_map('\314\', 'Ì'). % I mit Accent
1503		x_string_escape_map('\315\', 'Í').
1504		x_string_escape_map('\316\', 'Î').
1505
1506		x_string_escape_map('\362\', 'ò'). % o mit Accent
1507		x_string_escape_map('\363\', 'ó').
1508		x_string_escape_map('\364\', 'ô').
1509		x_string_escape_map('\322\', 'Ò'). % O mit Accent
1510		x_string_escape_map('\323\', 'Ó').
1511		x_string_escape_map('\324\', 'Ô').
1512
1513		x_string_escape_map('\347\', 'ç'). % cedille
1514		x_string_escape_map('\307\', 'Ç'). % Cedille
1515
1516		x_string_escape_map('\337\', 'ß'). % scharfes S (sz)
1517		x_string_escape_map('\361\', 'ñ'). % n with tilde
1518
1519		x_string_escape_map('\1661\', 'α'). % Greek
1520		x_string_escape_map('\1662\', 'β').
1521		x_string_escape_map('\1663\', 'γ').
1522		x_string_escape_map('\1664\', 'δ').
1523		x_string_escape_map('\1665\', 'ε').
1524		x_string_escape_map('\1666\', 'ζ').
1525		x_string_escape_map('\1667\', 'η').
1526		x_string_escape_map('\1670\', 'θ').
1527		x_string_escape_map('\1671\', 'ι').
1528		x_string_escape_map('\1672\', 'κ').
1529		x_string_escape_map('\1673\', 'λ').
1530		x_string_escape_map('\1674\', 'μ').
1531		x_string_escape_map('\1675\', 'ν').
1532		x_string_escape_map('\1676\', 'ξ').
1533		x_string_escape_map('\1677\', 'ο').
1534		x_string_escape_map('\1700\', 'π').
1535		x_string_escape_map('\1701\', 'ρ').
1536		x_string_escape_map('\1702\', 'ς').
1537		x_string_escape_map('\1703\', 'σ').
1538		x_string_escape_map('\1704\', 'τ').
1539		x_string_escape_map('\1705\', 'υ').
1540		x_string_escape_map('\1706\', 'φ').
1541		x_string_escape_map('\1707\', 'χ').
1542		x_string_escape_map('\1710\', 'ψ').
1543		x_string_escape_map('\1711\', 'ω').
1544
1545		% to do: add missing upper-case Greek letters:
1546		x_string_escape_map('\1624\', 'Δ').
1547		x_string_escape_map('\1630\', 'Θ').
1548		x_string_escape_map('\1633\', 'Λ').
1549		x_string_escape_map('\1636\', 'Ξ').
1550		x_string_escape_map('\1645\', 'Υ').
1551		x_string_escape_map('\1647\', 'Χ').
1552		x_string_escape_map('\1650\', 'Ψ').
1553		x_string_escape_map('\1651\', 'Ω').
1554
1555		% other symbols (converted using http://www.online-toolz.com/tools/unicode-html-entities-convertor.php )
1556		x_string_escape_map('\21242\','⊢'). %vdash turnstyle decimal: 8866
1557		x_string_escape_map('\21250\','⊨'). %models turnstyle decimal: 8872
1558		x_string_escape_map('\x21D4\','⇔'). % equivalence
1559		x_string_escape_map('\x21D2\','⇒'). % implication
1560		x_string_escape_map('\x2203\','∃'). % exists
1561		x_string_escape_map('\x2200\','∀'). % forall
1562		x_string_escape_map('·','·'). % dot used for quantifiers, ASCII 183
1563		x_string_escape_map('\x2227\','∧'). % conjunct
1564		x_string_escape_map('\x2228\','∨'). % disjunct
1565		x_string_escape_map('\xAC\','¬'). % negation
1566		x_string_escape_map('\x21A6\','↦'). % maplet |->
1567		x_string_escape_map('\x2286\','⊆'). % <: subseteq
1568		x_string_escape_map('\x222A\','∪'). % union
1569		x_string_escape_map('\x2229\','∩'). % intersection
1570		x_string_escape_map('\x2205\','∅'). % empty set
1571		x_string_escape_map('\x2260\','≠'). % not equal
1572		x_string_escape_map('\x2264\','≤'). % less equal
1573		x_string_escape_map('\x2265\','≥'). % greater equal
1574		x_string_escape_map('\x2124\','ℤ'). % Z (INTEGER)
1575		x_string_escape_map('\x2115\','ℕ'). % NATURAL
1576
1577		% Numbers without HTML translation: .. 8229
1578
1579		% translate unknown unicode chars to lozenge
1580		x_string_escape_map(Unicode, Result) :- atom(Unicode),
1581		atom_codes(Unicode,[Nr]), Nr>127,
1582		!,
1583		ajoin(['&#',Nr,';'],Result).
1584		%x_string_escape_map(Unicode, '◊') :-
1585		% atom(Unicode), atom_codes(Unicode,[Code]), Code>127.
1586		% format(user_output,'Uni: ~w ~n',[Unicode]).
1587		x_string_escape_map(X, X).
1588
1589		%
1590		% split_list(Pred,List,ListA,ListB):
1591		% List contains exactly the same elements as ListA and ListB
1592		% An element E is member of ListA iff Pred(E) is true and E is element of List.
1593		% An element E is member of ListB iff Pred(E) is false and E is element of List.
1594		% combination of include/exclude from library(lists) (include_exclude)
1595		:- assert_must_succeed(( split_list(number,[1,a,2,b],S,F), S==[1,2], F==[a,b] )).
1596		split_list(Pred,List,A,B) :-
1597		split_list2(List,Pred,A,B).
1598		split_list2([],_Pred,[],[]).
1599		split_list2([Elem|Rest],Pred,A,B) :-
1600	?	( call(Pred,Elem) -> A=[Elem|AR], B=BR
1601		; A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1602		split_list2(Rest,Pred,AR,BR).
1603
1604
1605		:- assert_must_succeed(( map_split_list(just_for_unit_test_add(0),[1,2,3],S,F), S==[10,20,30], F==[] )).
1606		% like map_list but put unsuccessful elements in a second list
1607		map_split_list(Pred,List,A,B) :-
1608		map_split_list2(List,Pred,A,B).
1609		map_split_list2([],_Pred,[],[]).
1610		map_split_list2([Elem|Rest],Pred,A,B) :-
1611		( call(Pred,Elem,Res) -> A=[Res|AR], B=BR
1612		; A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1613		map_split_list2(Rest,Pred,AR,BR).
1614
1615		% a variation of split_list which also returns a list of predicate results
1616		% with re_split_list_idx(L,PredResult,A,B) : we can split another list using the same pattern
1617		split_list_idx(Pred,List,PredResult,A,B) :-
1618		split_list_idx2(List,Pred,PredResult,A,B).
1619		split_list_idx2([],_Pred,[],[],[]).
1620		split_list_idx2([Elem|Rest],Pred,[PredTrue|PT],A,B) :-
1621		(call(Pred,Elem) -> PredTrue=true, A=[Elem|AR], B=BR
1622		; PredTrue=false, A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1623		split_list_idx2(Rest,Pred,PT,AR,BR).
1624
1625
1626		re_split_list_idx([],[],[],[]).
1627		re_split_list_idx([Elem|Rest],[PredTrue|PT],A,B) :-
1628		(PredTrue=true -> A=[Elem|AR], B=BR
1629		; A=AR, B=[Elem|BR]),
1630		re_split_list_idx(Rest,PT,AR,BR).
1631
1632
1633
1634		% try and avoid going through same transitions twice
1635		% works with simple transition ids, or with atom/3 entries from ltl model_checker
1636		:- assert_must_succeed((minimize_lasso([0,1,2,4,8,14,7,12],[15,4,8,14,7,12],P,L),
1637		P==[0,1,2], L==[4,8,14,7,12,15])).
1638		minimize_lasso(Prefix,Loop,NewPrefix,NewLoop) :- reverse(Prefix,RP), reverse(Loop,RL),
1639		common_prefix(RP,RL,Common,RestP,RestLoop),
1640		append(RestLoop,Common,NewLR), reverse(NewLR,NewLoop),
1641		reverse(RestP,NewPrefix).
1642		common_prefix([H|T1],[H|T2],[H|Res],Rest1,Rest2) :- !, common_prefix(T1,T2,Res,Rest1,Rest2).
1643		common_prefix(T1,T2,[],T1,T2).
1644
1645
1646
1647		just_for_unit_test_add(A,B,C) :- C is A+(10*B).
1648		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add,[],0,R), R==0 )).
1649		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add,[3,6,7,2,6],0,R), R==36726 )).
1650
1651		foldl(MPred,List,Start,Result) :-
1652	?	foldl2(List,MPred,Start,Result).
1653		foldl2([],_Pred,Value,Value).
1654		foldl2([Elem|Rest],MPred,OldValue,NewValue) :-
1655	?	call(MPred,Elem,OldValue,Value),
1656	?	foldl2(Rest,MPred,Value,NewValue).
1657
1658
1659		just_for_unit_test_add2(A,B,C,D) :- D is 100*C+10*A+B.
1660		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add2,[],[],0,R), R==0 )).
1661		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add2,[3,6,7,2,6],[5,2,9,0,8],0,R), R==3562792068 )).
1662
1663		foldl(MPred,List,List1,Start,Result) :-
1664		foldl2(List,MPred,List1,Start,Result).
1665		foldl2([],_Pred,[],Value,Value).
1666		foldl2([Elem|Rest],MPred,[H1|R1],OldValue,NewValue) :-
1667		call(MPred,Elem,H1,OldValue,Value),
1668		foldl2(Rest,MPred,R1,Value,NewValue).
1669
1670
1671		just_for_unit_test_add3(A,B,C,D,E) :- E is D*1000+100*A+10*B+C.
1672		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add3,[],[],[],0,R), R==0 )).
1673		:- assert_must_succeed(( foldl(just_for_unit_test_add3,[3,6,7],[5,2,9],[4,1,0],0,R),
1674		R==354621790 )).
1675
1676		foldl(MPred,A,B,C,Start,Result) :-
1677		foldl2(A,MPred,B,C,Start,Result).
1678		foldl2([],_Pred,[],[],Value,Value).
1679		foldl2([Elem|Rest],MPred,[H1|R1],[H2|R2],OldValue,NewValue) :-
1680		call(MPred,Elem,H1,H2,OldValue,Value),
1681		foldl2(Rest,MPred,R1,R2,Value,NewValue).
1682
1683
1684		:- assert_must_succeed(( maplist5(just_for_unit_test_add2,[],[],[],R), R==[] )).
1685		:- assert_must_succeed(( maplist5(just_for_unit_test_add2,[1],[2],[3],R), R==[312] )).
1686		:- assert_must_succeed(( maplist5(just_for_unit_test_add2,[1,1],[2,0],[3,0],R), R==[312,10] )).
1687
1688		maplist5(_P,[],[],[],[]).
1689		maplist5(P,[H1|T1],[H2|T2],[H3|T3],[H4|T4]) :-
1690		if(call(P,H1,H2,H3,H4),
1691	?	maplist5(P,T1,T2,T3,T4),
1692		(add_internal_error('Call fails: ',maplist5(P,H1,H2,H3,H4)),
1693		fail)).
1694
1695
1696		:- assert_must_succeed(( average([2,4,8,10],Avg), D is abs(Avg-6),D<0.001 )).
1697		:- assert_must_succeed(( average([2],Avg), D is abs(Avg-2), D<0.001 )).
1698		average(List,Avg) :-
1699		length(List,N),sumlist(List,Sum),Avg is Sum/N.
1700
1701
1702		% assert_once works like assertz, but checks if the fact has already been stored before and
1703		% will not store it a second time
1704		assert_once(MPredicate) :-
1705		(call(MPredicate) -> true ; assertz(MPredicate)).
1706
1707
1708
1709		:- dynamic id_counter/1.
1710		unique_id(Prefix,Id) :-
1711		(id_counter(V) -> retractall(id_counter(_)) ; V is 0),
1712		N is V+1,
1713		assertz( id_counter(N) ),
1714		number_codes(N,NCodes),
1715		append(Prefix,NCodes,ICodes),
1716		atom_codes(Id,ICodes).
1717
1718		% PROBPATH is the runtime search path for defintion files not found relative to the original machine.
1719		% By default this is the stdlib directory relative to the prob base dir.
1720		% The user can provide a list of : separated directories in the PROBPATH
1721		% environment variables which are prepended to the default path.
1722		get_PROBPATH(PROBPATH) :-
1723		environ('PROBPATH', CustomPATH),
1724		atom_length(CustomPATH, L),
1725		L > 0, !,
1726		get_path_separator(PS),
1727		get_stdlib_path(STDLIB), ajoin([CustomPATH, PS, STDLIB], PROBPATH).
1728
1729		get_PROBPATH(PROBPATH) :- get_stdlib_path(PROBPATH).
1730
1731		get_stdlib_path(STDLIB) :- runtime_application_path(Base), atom_concat(Base, '/stdlib', STDLIB).
1732
1733		% Platform specific path separator char
1734		map_path_separator(windows, ';').
1735		map_path_separator(_, ':').
1736
1737		get_path_separator(PS) :- host_platform(Platform), map_path_separator(Platform, PS), !.
1738
1739		%% atom_to_number(?Atom, ?Number).
1740		atom_to_number(Atom, Number) :-
1741		atom(Atom),
1742		catch((
1743		atom_codes(Atom, Codes),
1744		number_codes(Number, Codes)
1745		), _, fail).
1746		atom_to_number(Atom, Number) :-
1747		number(Number),
1748		number_codes(Number, Codes),
1749		atom_codes(Atom, Codes).
1750
1751		% ----------
1752
1753		% useful for e.g. SWI Prolog where redefine_warnings is not defined
1754		get_set_optional_prolog_flag(Flag,Old,New) :-
1755		(catch(current_prolog_flag(Flag, Old), error(domain_error(_, _), _), fail) ->
1756		set_prolog_flag(Flag, New)
1757		;
1758		current_prolog_flag(dialect, Prolog),
1759		format('Prolog flag ~w not supported on ~w~n', [Flag, Prolog])
1760		).
1761
1762
1763		% ----------
1764
1765		% predicates for lists with optional items represented using optional_value(V,pred_true/pred_false)
1766		% we assume that optional values constructors (optional_value/2) are instantiated *before* calling maplist_optional
1767
1768	?	map_optlist(Pred,List) :- map_optlist_aux(List,Pred).
1769
1770		:- block map_optlist_aux(-,?).
1771		map_optlist_aux([],_) :- !.
1772		map_optlist_aux([H|T],Pred) :- !,
1773	?	call_optional(Pred,H),
1774	?	map_optlist_aux(T,Pred).
1775		map_optlist_aux(Other,Pred) :-
1776		add_internal_error('First argument not a list:',map_optlist_aux(Other,Pred)).
1777
1778		call_optional(Pred,OptVal) :-
1779		is_optional_value(OptVal,Val,Use),
1780		!,
1781		call_optional_aux(Use,Pred,Val).
1782	?	call_optional(Pred,Val) :- call(Pred,Val).
1783
1784		:- block call_optional_aux(-,?,?).
1785		call_optional_aux(pred_true,Pred,Val) :- !, call(Pred,Val).
1786		call_optional_aux(pred_false,_,_) :- !. % ignore optional item
1787		call_optional_aux(Other,Pred,_) :-
1788		add_internal_error('First argument not a BOOL:',call_optional_aux(Other,Pred)).
1789
1790		:- block optlist_to_list(-,?).
1791		optlist_to_list([],R) :- !, R=[].
1792		optlist_to_list([OptVal|T],R) :- !,
1793		(is_optional_value(OptVal,Val,Use)
1794		-> optlist_to_list_aux(Use,Val,T,R)
1795		; R = [OptVal|RT], optlist_to_list(T,RT)
1796		).
1797		optlist_to_list(Other,R) :-
1798		add_internal_error('First argument not a list:',optlist_to_list(Other,R)),
1799		R=Other.
1800
1801		:- block optlist_to_list_aux(-,?,?,?).
1802		optlist_to_list_aux(pred_true,Val,T,[Val|TR]) :- !, optlist_to_list(T,TR).
1803		optlist_to_list_aux(pred_false,_,T,R) :- !, optlist_to_list(T,R).
1804		optlist_to_list_aux(Other,V,T,R) :-
1805		add_internal_error('First argument not a BOOL:',optlist_to_list_aux(Other,V,T,R)),
1806		fail.
1807
1808		is_optional_value(OptVal,Val,Use) :- nonvar(OptVal), OptVal = optional_value(Val,Use).